Influenze socioculturali, immagine corporea e chirurgia estetica

Abbate-Daga, G., Gramaglia, C., Amianto, F., Marzola, E., & Fassino, S. (2010). Attachment insecurity, personality, and body dissatisfaction in eating disorders. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198(7), 520-524. DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e4c6f7

Adams, J. (2012). Cleaning up the dirty work: Professionalization and the management of stigma in the cosmetic surgery and tattoo industries. Deviant Behavior, 33(3), 149-167. DOI: 10.1080/01639625.2010.548297

Ahadzadeh, A. S., Sharif S. P., & Ong F. S. (2017). Self-schema and self-discrepancy mediate the influence of Instagram usage on body image satisfaction among youth. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 8-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.011

Al Sabbah, H., Vereecken, C. A., Elgar, F. J., Nansel, T., Aasvee, K., Abdeen, Z., ... & Maes, L. (2009). Body weight dissatisfaction and communication with parents among adolescents in 24 countries: international cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health, 52(9). DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-52

Alberga, A. S., Withnell, S. J., & von Ranson, K. M. (2018). Fitspiration and thinspiration: a comparison across three social networking sites. Journal of Eating Disorders, 6(1), 39. DOI: 10.1186/s40337-018-0227-x

Alcaraz-Ibáñez, M., Sicilia, Á., Díez-Fernández, D. M., & Paterna, A. (2020). Physical appearance comparisons and symptoms of disordered eating: The mediating role of social physique anxiety in Spanish adolescents. Body Image, 32(1), 145-149. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.12.005

Alleva, J. M., Martijn, C., Van Breukelen, G. J., Jansen, A., & Karos, K. (2015). Expand Your Horizon: A programme that improves body image and reduces self-objectification by training women to focus on body functionality. Body Image, 15(3), 81-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.07.001

Alleva, J. M., Tylka, T. L., & Van Diest, A. M. K. (2017). The Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS): Development and psychometric evaluation in US community women and men. Body Image, 23(4), 28-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.07.008

Altman, J. K., Zimmaro, L. A., & Woodruff-Borden, J. (2017). Targeting body compassion in the treatment of body dissatisfaction: A case study. Clinical Case Studies, 16(6), 431-445. DOI: 10.1177/1534650117731155

American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS) (2018). AAFPRS 2018 Annual Survey on Key Trends in Facial Plastic Surgery. www.aafprs.org/AAFPRS/News-Patient-Safety/Annual_Survey.aspx.

American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) (2019). Aesthetic Plastic Surgery National Databank. Statistics. www.surgery.org/sites/default/files/Aesthetic-Society_Stats2019Book_FINAL.pdf.

Amorose, A. J., & Hollembeak, J. (2005). Examining the moderating effect of appearance impression motivation on the relationship between perceived physical appearance and social physique anxiety. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 76(4), 507-513. DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2005.10599325

Andrew, R., Tiggemann, M., & Clark, L. (2016). Positive body image and young women’s health: Implications for sun protection, cancer screening, weight loss and alcohol consumption behaviours. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(1), 28-39. DOI: 10.1177/1359105314520814

Arnocky, S., & Piché, T. (2014). Cosmetic surgery as intrasexual competition: The mediating role of social comparison. Psychology, 5(10), 1197-1205. DOI: 10.4236/psych.2014.510132

Arroyo, A., & Andersen, K. K. (2016). Appearance-related communication and body image outcomes: Fat talk and old talk among mothers and daughters. Journal of Family Communication, 16(2), 95-110. DOI: 10.1080/15267431.2016.1144604

Arroyo, A., Burke, T. J., & Young, V. J. (2020). The role of close others in promoting weight management and body image outcomes: An application of confirmation, self-determination, social control, and social support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 37(3), 1030-1050. DOI: 10.1177/0265407519886066

Ashikali, E. M., Dittmar, H., & Ayers, S. (2014). The effect of cosmetic surgery reality tv shows on adolescent girls’ body image. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3(3), 141-153. DOI: 10.1037/ppm0000022

Associazione Italiana di Chirurgia Plastica Estetica (AICPE) (2019). Osservatorio AICPE: I nuovi trend della Chirurgia Plastica Estetica in Italia. cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/7062317/file/stati

Ata, R. N., Ludden, A. B., & Lally, M. M. (2007). The effects of gender and family, friend, and media influences on eating behaviors and body image during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36(8), 1024-1037. DOI: 10.1007/s10964-006-9159-x

Ata, R. N., Thompson, J. K., & Small, B. J. (2013). Effects of exposure to thin-ideal media images on body dissatisfaction: Testing the inclusion of a disclaimer versus warning label. Body image, 10(4), 472-480. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.04.004

Atalay, A. A., & Gencoz, T. (2008). Critical factors of social physique anxiety: Exercising and body image satisfaction. Behaviour Change, 25(3), 178-188. DOI: 10.1375/bech.25.3.178

Augustus-Horvath, C. L., & Tylka, T. L. (2011). The acceptance model of intuitive eating: A comparison of women in emerging adulthood, early adulthood, and middle adulthood. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(1), 110-125. DOI: 10.1037/22129

Avalos, L. C., & Tylka, T. L. (2006). Exploring a model of intuitive eating with college women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(4), 486-497. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.53.4.486

Bailey, S. D., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2010). Social comparisons, appearance related comments, contingent self-esteem and their relationships with body dissatisfaction and eating disturbance among women. Eating Behaviors, 11(2), 107-112. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.12.001

Bair, C. E., Kelly, N. R., Serdar, K. L., & Mazzeo, S. E. (2012). Does the Internet function like magazines? An exploration of image-focused media, eating pathology, and body dissatisfaction. Eating behaviors, 13(4), 398-401. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.06.003

Balcetis, E., Cole, S., Chelberg, M. B., & Alicke, M. (2013). Searching out the ideal: Awareness of ideal body standards predicts lower global self-esteem in women. Self and Identity, 12(1), 99-113. DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2011.639549

Baldissarri, C., Andrighetto, L., Gabbiadini, A., Valtorta, R. R., Sacino, A., & Volpato, C. (2019). Do Self-Objectified Women Believe To Be Free? Sexual Objectification and Belief in Personal Free will. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1867. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01867.01867

Baltazar, M., Hazem, N., Vilarem, E., Beaucousin, V., Picq, J. L., & Conty, L. (2014). Eye contact elicits bodily self-awareness in human adults. Cognition, 133(1), 120-127. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.06.009

Bandura, A. (2009). Social cognitive theory goes global. The Psychologist, 22(6), 504–506.

Barak, A., & Gluck-Ofri, O. (2007). Degree and reciprocity of self-disclosure in online forums. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(3), 407-417. DOI: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9938

Baranowski, M.J., Jorga, J., Djordjevic, I., Marinkovic, J., Hetherington, M.M. (2003). Evaluation of adolescent body satisfaction and associated eating disorder pathology in two communities. European Eating Disorder Review, 11(6), 478–495. DOI: 10.1002/erv.529

Barcaccia, B., Balestrini, V., Saliani, A. M., Baiocco, R., Mancini, F., & Schneider, B. H. (2018). Dysfunctional eating behaviors, anxiety, and depression in Italian boys and girls: the role of mass media. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 40(1), 72-77. DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2200

Bardone-Cone, A. M., Cass, K. M., & Ford, J. A. (2008). Examining body dissatisfaction in young men within a biopsychosocial framework. Body Image, 5(2), 183-194. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.12.004

Bardone‐Cone, A. M., & Cass, K. M. (2007). What does viewing a pro‐anorexia website do? An experimental examination of website exposure and moderating effects. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40(6), 537-548. DOI: 10.1002/eat.20396

Barlett, C., Harris, R., Smith, S., & Bonds-Raacke, J. (2005). Action figures and men. Sex Roles, 53(11-12), 877-885. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-005-8304-4

Barsalou, L. W. (2008). Grounded cognition. Annual Review Psychology, 59, 617-645. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639

Bartlett M.S. (1950). “Tests of significance in factor analysis”. British Journal of Psychology 3(2), 77-85. DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8317.1950.tb00285.x

Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press.

Beilharz, F., Phillipou, A., Castle, D., Jenkins, Z., Cistullo, L., & Rossell, S. (2019). Dysmorphic concern in anorexia nervosa: Implications for recovery. Psychiatry Research, 273, 657-661. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.102

Bell, B. T., & Dittmar, H. (2011). Does media type matter? The role of identification in adolescent girls’ media consumption and the impact of different thin-ideal media on body image. Sex roles, 65(7-8), 478-490. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-011-9964-x

Benzeval, M., Green, M. J., & Macintyre, S. (2013). Does perceived physical attractiveness in adolescence predict better socioeconomic position in adulthood? Evidence from 20 years of follow up in a population cohort study. PLoS One, 8(5), e63975. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063975

Berryman, C., Ferguson, C. J., & Negy, C. (2018). Social media use and mental health among young adults. Psychiatric quarterly, 89(2), 307-314. DOI: 10.1007/s11126-017-9535-6

Bij de Vaate, A. J. D., Veldhuis, J., Alleva, J. M., Konijn, E. A., & van Hugten, C. H. M. (2018). Show your best self(ie): An exploratory study on typical selfie-makers and their selfie-behavior. Telematics and Informatics, 35(5), 1392–1407. DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2018.03.010

Biolcati, R., Mancini, G., & Villano, P. (2020). ‘And yet I’m an adult now’. The influence of parental criticism on women’s body satisfaction/dissatisfaction during emerging adulthood. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 599-608. DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2019.1699433

Boepple, L., & Thompson, J. K. (2014). A content analysis of healthy living blogs: Evidence of content thematically consistent with dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(4), 362-367 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22244

Bornioli, A., Lewis-Smith, H., Smith, A., Slater, A., & Bray, I. (2019). Adolescent body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: Predictors of later risky health behaviours. Social Science & Medicine, 238, 112458, 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112458

Boursier, V., & Manna, V. (2018). Selfie expectancies among adolescents: Construction and validation of an instrument to assess expectancies toward selfies among boys and girls. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 839. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00839

Boursier, V., Gioia, F., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020a). Selfie-engagement on social media: Pathological narcissism, positive expectation, and body objectification–Which is more influential?. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 11, 100263. DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100263

Boursier, V., Gioia, F., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020b). Do selfie-expectancies and social appearance anxiety predict adolescents’ problematic social media use?. Computers in Human Behavior, 110, 106395. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106395

Bradbury, E. (2009). Clinical risk in cosmetic surgery. Clinical Risk, 15(6), 227-231. DOI: 10.1258/cr.2009.090047

Bradford, J. W., & Petrie, T. A. (2008). Sociocultural factors and the development of disordered eating: A longitudinal analysis of competing hypotheses. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(2), 246-262. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.55.2.246

Brechan, I., & Kvalem, I. L. (2015). Relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: Mediating role of self-esteem and depression. Eating Behaviors, 17, 49-58. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.12.008

Brislin R.W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185-216. DOI: 10.1177/135910457000100301

Brown, A., Furnham, A., Glanville, L., & Swami, V. (2007). Factors that affect the likelihood of undergoing cosmetic surgery. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 27(5), 501-508. DOI: 10.1016/j.asj.2007.06.004

Brown, Z. & Tiggemann, M. (2016). Attractive celebrity and peer images on Instagram: Effect on women's mood and body image. Body Image, 19(4), 37-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.08.007

Brunet, J., & Sabiston, C. M. (2009). Social physique anxiety and physical activity: A self-determination theory perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(3), 329-335. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.11.002

Brunet, J., Sabiston, C. M., Dorsch, K. D., & McCreary, D. R. (2010). Exploring a model linking social physique anxiety, drive for muscularity, drive for thinness and self-esteem among adolescent boys and girls. Body Image, 7(2), 137-142. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.11.004

Brunton, G., Paraskeva, N., Caird, J., Bird, K. S., Kavanagh, J., Kwan, I., ... & Thomas, J. (2014). Psychosocial predictors, assessment, and outcomes of cosmetic procedures: a systematic rapid evidence assessment. Aesthetic plastic surgery, 38(5), 1030-1040. DOI: 10.1007/s00266-014-0369-4

Bucchianeri, M. M., Arikian, A. J., Hannan, P. J., Eisenberg, M. E., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2013). Body dissatisfaction from adolescence to young adulthood: Findings from a 10-year longitudinal study. Body Image, 10(1), 1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.09.001

Burke, H., & Mancuso, L. (2012). Social cognitive theory, metacognition, and simulation learning in nursing education. Journal of Nursing Education, 51(10), 543-548. DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20120820-02

Bury, B., Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2016a). Disclaimer labels on fashion magazine advertisements: Impact on visual attention and relationship with body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 16(1), 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.09.005

Bury, B., Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2016b). The effect of digital alteration disclaimer labels on social comparison and body image: Instructions and individual differences. Body Image, 17(2), 136-142. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.03.005

Butkowski, C. P., Dixon, T. L., & Weeks, K. (2019). Body surveillance on Instagram: examining the role of selfie feedback investment in young adult women’s body image concerns. Sex Roles, 81(5-6), 385-397. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-018-0993-6

Cafri, G., Yamamiya, Y., Brannick, M., & Thompson, J. K. (2005). The influence of sociocultural factors on body image: A meta‐analysis. Clinical Psychology: science and practice, 12(4), 421-433. DOI: 10.1093/clipsy.bpi053

Caglar, E., Bilgili, N., Karaca, A., Ayaz, S., & Asçi, F. H. (2010). The psychological characteristics and health related behavior of adolescents: The possible roles of social physique anxiety and gender. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(2), 741-750. DOI: 10.1017/S1138741600002407

Callaghan, G. M., Lopez, A., Wong, L., Northcross, J., & Anderson, K. R. (2011). Predicting consideration of cosmetic surgery in a college population: A continuum of body image disturbance and the importance of coping strategies. Body Image, 8(3), 267-274. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.04.002

Calogero, R. M., & Thompson, J. K. (2010). Gender and body image. In J. C. Chrisler & D. R. McCreary (Eds.). In Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology (pp. 153-184). New York: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1465-1

Calogero, R. M., Pina, A., Park, L. E., & Rahemtulla, Z. (2010). Objectification theory predicts college women’s attitudes toward cosmetic surgery. Sex Roles, 63(1-2), 32-41. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-010-9759-5

Calzo, J. P., Sonneville, K. R., Haines, J., Blood, E. A., Field, A. E., & Austin, S. B. (2012). The development of associations among body mass index, body dissatisfaction, and weight and shape concern in adolescent boys and girls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(5), 517-523. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.02.021

Carey, R. N., Donaghue, N., & Broderick, P. (2014). Body image concern among Australian adolescent girls: The role of body comparisons with models and peers. Body Image, 11(1), 81-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.09.006

Carrard, I., Rothen, S., & Rodgers, R. F. (2020). Body image and disordered eating in older women: A Tripartite Sociocultural model. Eating Behaviors, 38, 101412. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101412

Carriere, L. J. & Kluck, A. S. (2014). Appearance commentary from romantic partners: Evaluation of an adapted measure. Body Image, 11(2), 137-145. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.12.003

Carrion, C., Rabin, L. A., Weinberger-Litman, S. L., & Fogel, J. (2011). Body Dissatisfaction as a mediator of the relationship between disordered eating and cosmetic surgery acceptance among Colombian university students. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 11(2), 143-156.

Carrotte, E. R., Prichard, I., & Lim, M. S. C. (2017). “Fitspiration” on social media: A content analysis of gendered images. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(3), e95. DOI: 10.2196/jmir.6368

Casale, S., Gemelli, G., Calosi, C., Giangrasso, B., & Fioravanti, G. (2019). Multiple exposure to appearance-focused real accounts on Instagram: Effects on body image among both genders. Current Psychology, 1-10. DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00229-6

Casella, D., Di Taranto, G., Torto, F. L., Marcasciano, M., Kaciulyte, J., Greco, M., ... & Ribuffo, D. (2020). Body mass index can predict outcomes in direct-to-implant prepectoral breast reconstruction. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 145(4), 867e-868e. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000006703

Cash, T. F. (1994). Body-image attitudes: Evaluation, investment, and affect. Perceptual and Motor skills, 78(3_suppl), 1168-1170. DOI: 10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1168

Cash, T. F. (2002). The situational inventory of body‐image dysphoria: Psychometric evidence and development of a short form. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32(3), 362-366. DOI: 10.1002/eat.10100

Cash, T. F. (2004). Body image: Past, Present, and Future. Body Image, 1(1), 1-5. DOI: 10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00011-1

Cash, T. F. (2012). Cognitive-behavioral perspectives on body image. In T. F. Cash (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance (pp. 334–342). Elsevier Academic Press.

Cash, T. F. & Pruzinsky, T. (1990). Body Images: Development, Deviance, and Change (pp. 51-79). New York: Guilford Press.

Cash, T. F., & Smolak, L. (2011). Body image: A Handbook of Science, Practice, and Prevention. New York: Guilford Press.

Cash, T. F., & Szymanski, M. L. (1995). The development and validation of the Body-Image Ideals Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64(3), 466-477. DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6403_6

Cash, T. F., Melnyk, S. E., & Hrabosky, J. I. (2004). The assessment of body image investment: An extensive revision of the Appearance Schemas Inventory. International Journal of eating disorders, 35(3), 305-316. DOI: 10.1002/eat.10264

Caso, D., Fabbricatore, R., Muti, F., & Starace, C. (2019). Sessualizzazione e oggettivazione femminile su Instagram: Il ruolo delle influencer. Psicologia Sociale, 14(3), 441-463. DOI: 10.1482/94944

Cass, J., Giltrap, G., & Talbot, D. (2020). Female body dissatisfaction and attentional bias to body images evaluated using visual search. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 2821. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02821

Cattarin, J. A., & Thompson, J. K. (1994). A three-year longitudinal study of body image, eating disturbance, and general psychological functioning in adolescent females. Eating Disorders, 2(2), 114-125. DOI: 10.1080/10640269408249107

Chae, J. (2017). Virtual makeover: Selfie-taking and social media use increase selfie-editing frequency through social comparison. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 370-376. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.10.007

Charlton, A. (2015). French parliament approves measure against anorexic models. sks.sirs.swb.orc.scoolaid.net.

Chen, J. Y., Gardner, J. M., Chen, S. C., & McMichael, J. R. (2020). Instagram for dermatology education. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 83(4), 1175. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.02.001

Chen, J., Ishii, M., Bater, K. L., Darrach, H., Liao, D., Huynh, P. P., ... & Ishii, L. E. (2019). Association between the use of social media and photograph editing applications, self-esteem, and cosmetic surgery acceptance. JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery, 21(5), 361-367. DOI: 10.1001/jamafacial.2019.0328

Chin-A-Loy, K. (2017). A biopsychosocial model of body image dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations from a population study [Doctoral dissertation, Telethon Kids Institute].

Chou, H. T. G., & Edge, N. (2012). “They are happier and having better lives than I am”: the impact of using Facebook on perceptions of others' lives. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(2), 117-121. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0324

Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2007). The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. New England Journal of medicine, 357(4), 370-379. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsa066082

Chu, H. W., Bushman, B. A., & Woodard, R. J. (2008). Social physique anxiety, obligation to exercise, and exercise choices among college students. Journal of American College Health, 57(1), 7-14. DOI: 10.3200/JACH.57.1.7-14

Chua, T. H. H., & Chang, L. (2016). Follow me and like my beautiful selfies: Singapore teenage girls’ engagement in self-presentation and peer comparison on social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 190-197. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.011

Clark, L., & Tiggemann, M. (2008). Sociocultural and individual psychological predictors of body image in young girls: a prospective study. Developmental Psychology, 44(4), 1124. DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.44.4.1124

Clay, D., Vignoles, V. L., & Dittmar, H. (2005). Body image and self‐esteem among adolescent girls: Testing the influence of sociocultural factors. Journal of research on adolescence, 15(4), 451-477. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2005.00107.x

Cohen, R., Fardouly, J., Newton-John, T., & Slater, A. (2019). # BoPo on Instagram: An experimental investigation of the effects of viewing body positive content on young women’s mood and body image. New Media & Society, 21(7), 1546-1564. DOI: 10.1177/1461444819826530

Cohen, R., Newton-John, T., & Slater, A. (2017). The relationship between Facebook and Instagram appearance-focused activities and body image concerns in young women. Body Image, 23(4), 183-187. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.10.002

Cohen, R., Newton-John, T., & Slater, A. (2018). ‘Selfie’-objectification: The role of selfies in self-objectification and disordered eating in young women. Computers in Human Behavior, 79, 68-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.027

Cook, S. A., Rosser, R., & Salmon, P. (2006). Is cosmetic surgery an effective psychotherapeutic intervention? A systematic review of the evidence. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Eesthetic Surgery, 59(11), 1133-1151. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2006.03.047

Coomber, K & King, R. M. (2008). The role of sisters in body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 59, 81-93. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-008-9413-7

Corning, A. F., & Gondoli, D. M. (2012). Who is most likely to fat talk? A social comparison perspective. Body Image, 9(4), 528-531. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.05.004

Côté, M., Legendre, M., Aimé, A., Brault, M. C., & Bégin, C. (2020). The Paths to Children’s Disordered Eating: The Implications of BMI, Weight-Related Victimization, Body Dissatisfaction and Parents’ Disordered Eating. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 2(1), 1-16. DOI: 10.32872/cpe.v2i1.2689

Creedon M.T., Ray, S., & Harkins, D. A. (2009). Peer teasing, body-image and eating problems among women. American Journal of Psychological Research, 5(1), 111-130.

Crepax, R. (2020). The Aestheticisation of Feminism: A Case Study of Feminist Instagram Aesthetics. ZoneModa Journal, 10(1S), 71-81. DOI: 10.6092/issn.2611-0563/10555

Crocker, P., Kowalski, N., Kowalski, K., Chad, K., Humbert, L., & Forrester, S. (2001). Smoking behaviour and dietary restraint in young adolescent women: The role of physical self-perceptions. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 92(6), 428-432. DOI: 10.1007/BF03404533

Crockett, R. J., Pruzinsky, T., & Persing, J. A. (2007). The influence of plastic surgery “reality TV” on cosmetic surgery patient expectations and decision making. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 120(1), 316-324. DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000264339.67451.71

Cruz-Sáez, S., Pascual, A., Wlodarczyk, A., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). The effect of body dissatisfaction on disordered eating: The mediating role of self-esteem and negative affect in male and female adolescents. Journal of Health Psychology, 25(8), 1098-1108. DOI: 10.1177/1359105317748734

Cwynar-Horta, J. (2016). The commodification of the body positive movement on Instagram. Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication, 8(2), 36-56. https://journals.sfu.ca/stream/index.php/stream/article/view/203.

Dakanalis, A., Carrà, G., Calogero, R., Fida, R., Clerici, M., Zanetti, M. A., & Riva, G. (2015). The developmental effects of media-ideal internalization and self-objectification processes on adolescents’ negative body-feelings, dietary restraint, and binge eating. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 24(8), 997-1010. DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0649-1

Dakanalis, A., Clerici, M., Caslini, M., Favagrossa, L., Prunas, A., Volpato, C., ... & Zanetti, M. A. (2014). Internalization of sociocultural standards of beauty and disordered eating behaviours: the role of body surveillance, shame and social anxiety. Journal of Psychopathology, 20, 33-37. https://www.jpsychopathol.it/issues/2014/vol20-1/SOPSI%201-14.pdf#page=39.

Dakanalis, A., Di Mattei, V. E., Prunas, A., Riva, G., Sarno, L., Volpato, C., & Zanetti, M. A. (2012). Il corpo oggettivato: media, benessere psicofisico e differenze di genere. Psicologia Sociale, 7(2), 261-284. DOI: 10.1482/37698

Dakanalis, A., Zanetti, M. A., Riva, G., & Clerici, M. (2013). Psychosocial moderators of the relationship between body dissatisfaction and symptoms of eating disorders: A look at a sample of young Italian women. European Review of Applied Psychology, 63(5), 323-334. DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2013.08.001

Damiano, S. R., Gregg, K. J., Spiel, E. C., McLean, S. A., Wertheim, E. H., & Paxton, S. J. (2015). Relationships between body size attitudes and body image of 4-year-old boys and girls, and attitudes of their fathers and mothers. Journal of Eating Disorders, 16(3), 1-10. DOI: 10.1186/s40337-015-0048-0

de Vries, D. A. & Kühne, R. (2015). Facebook and self-perception: Individual susceptibility to negative social comparison on Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 217–221. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.029

de Vries, D. A., Peter, J., de Graaf, H., & Nikken, P. (2016). Adolescents’ social network site use, peer appearance-related feedback, and body dissatisfaction: Testing a mediation model. Journal of youth and adolescence, 45(1), 211-224. DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0956-9

de Vries, D. A., Peter, J., Nikken, P., & de Graaf, H. (2014). The effect of social network site use on appearance investment and desire for cosmetic surgery among adolescent boys and girls. Sex Roles, 71(9-10), 283-295. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-014-0412-6

Delgado-Floody, P., Guzmán-Guzmán, I. P., Caamaño-Navarrete, F., Jerez-Mayorga, D., Zulic-Agramunt, C., & Cofré-Lizama, A. (2020). Depression is associated with lower levels of physical activity, body image dissatisfaction, and obesity in Chilean preadolescents. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 1-14. DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1817958

Di Gesto, C., Matera, C., Nerini, A., Policardo, G. R., & Stefanile, C. (2020). Misurare le attività relative alle immagini su Instagram e il confronto relativo all’apparenza: validazione della Instagram Image Activity Scale e della Instagram Appearance Comparison Scale. Psicologia della Salute, 3, 109-128. DOI: 10.3280/PDS2020-003005

Di Mattei, V. E., Bagliacca, E. P., Ambrosi, A., Lanfranchi, L., Preis, F. B., & Sarno, L. (2015). The impact of cosmetic plastic surgery on body image and psychological well-being: a preliminary study. International Journal of Psychology & Behavior Analysis, 1(1), 1-6. DOI: 10.15344/2455-3867/2015/103

Didie, E. R., & Sarwer, D. B. (2003). Factors that influence the decision to undergo cosmetic breast augmentation surgery. Journal of Women's Health, 12(3), 241-253. DOI: 10.1089/154099903321667582

Dittmar, H., Halliwell, E., & Ive, S. (2006). Does Barbie make girls want to be thin? The effect of experimental exposure to images of dolls on the body image of 5-to 8-year-old girls. Developmental Psychology, 42(2), 283-292. DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.283

Dowson, J. & Henderson, L. (2001). The validity of a short version of the Body Shape Questionnaire. Psychiatry Research, 102(3), 263-271. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1781(01)00254-2

Dumas, T. M., Maxwell-Smith, M., Davis, J. P., & Giulietti, P. A. (2017). Lying or longing for likes? Narcissism, peer belonging, loneliness and normative versus deceptive like-seeking on Instagram in emerging adulthood. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.037

Durkin, S. J., Paxton, S. J., & Sorbello, M. (2007). An integrative model of the impact of exposure to idealized female images on adolescent girls’ body satisfaction 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(5), 1092-1117. DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00201.x

Duval, T. S., Wicklund R. A. (1972). A theory of objective self-awareness. New York: Academic Press.

Eisenberg, D., Nicklett, E. J., Roeder, K., & Kirz, N. E. (2011). Eating disorder symptoms among college students: Prevalence, persistence, correlates, and treatment-seeking. Journal of American College Health, 59(8), 700-707. DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2010.546461

Elfving-Hwang, J. (2020). Media, cosmetic surgery and aspirational beauty aesthetics of the ageing body in South Korea. Asian Studies Review, 1-15. DOI: 10.1080/10357823.2020.1736513

Ersöz, G., Altiparmak, E., & Aşçı, F. H. (2016). Does body mass index influence behavioral regulations, dispositional flow and social physique anxiety in exercise setting?. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 15(2), 295-300.

Fardouly, J. & Vartanian, L. R. (2015). Negative comparisons about one's appearance mediate the relationship between Facebook usage and body image concerns. Body Image, 12(1), 82-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.10.004

Fardouly, J. & Vartanian, L. R. (2016). Social media and body image concerns: Current research and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 9, 1-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.005

Fardouly, J., & Holland, E. (2018). Social media is not real life: The effect of attaching disclaimer-type labels to idealized social media images on women’s body image and mood. New Media & Society, 20(11), 4311-4328. DOI: 10.1177/1461444818771083

Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2015). Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women's body image concerns and mood. Body image, 13(1), 38-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.12.002

Fardouly, J., Pinkus, R. T., & Vartanian, L. R. (2017). The impact of appearance comparisons made through social media, traditional media, and in person in women’s everyday lives. Body Image, 20(1), 31-39. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.11.002

Fardouly, J., Willburger, B. K., & Vartanian, L. R. (2018). Instagram use and young women’s body image concerns and self-objectification: Testing mediational pathways. New Media & Society, 20(4), 1380-1395. DOI: 10.1177/1461444817694499

Farshidfar, Z., Dastjerdi, R., & Shahabizadeh, F. (2013). Acceptance of cosmetic surgery: Body image, self-esteem and conformity. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 238–242. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.542

Fatt, S. J., Fardouly, J., & Rapee, R. M. (2019). #malefitspo: Links between viewing fitspiration posts, muscular-ideal internalisation, appearance comparisons, body satisfaction, and exercise motivation in men. New Media & Society, 21(6), 1311–1325. DOI: 10.1177/1461444818821064

Feltman, C. E., & Szymanski, D. M. (2018). Instagram use and self-objectification: The roles of internalization, comparison, appearance commentary, and feminism. Sex Roles, 78(5-6), 311-324. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-017-0796-1

Ferguson, C. J. (2013). In the eye of the beholder: Thin-ideal media affects some, but not most, viewers in a meta-analytic review of body dissatisfaction in women and men. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 2(1), 20-37. DOI: 10.1037/a0030766

Ferguson, C. J., Muñoz, M. E., Garza, A., & Galindo, M. (2014). Concurrent and prospective analyses of peer, television and social media influences on body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms and life satisfaction in adolescent girls. Journal of youth and adolescence, 43(1), 1-14. DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9898-9

Ferreira, C., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Duarte, C. (2013). Self-compassion in the face of shame and body image dissatisfaction: Implications for eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 14(2), 207-210. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.01.005

Festinger, L. (1954). A Theory of Social Comparison Processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140. DOI: 10.1177/001872675400700202

Field, A. E., Camargo, C. A., Jr., Taylor, C. B., Berkey, C. S., & Colditz, G. A. (1999). Relation of peer and media influences to the development of purging behaviors among preadolescent and adolescent girls. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 153(11), 1184–1189. DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.153.11.1184

Fisher, S. & Cleveland, S. E. (1968). Body image and personality. In T.F. Cash and T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body Images: Development, Deviance, and Change (pp. 51-79). New York: Guilford Press.

Fisher, S., & Cleveland, S. E. (1956). Body-image boundaries and style of life. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52(3), 373-379. DOI: 10.1037/h0044917

Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., Harney, M. B., Koehler, L. G., Danzi, L. E., Riddell, M. K., & Bardone-Cone, A. M. (2012). Explaining the relation between thin ideal internalization and body dissatisfaction among college women: The roles of social comparison and body surveillance. Body image, 9(1), 43-49. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.09.002

Fox, J., & Rooney, M. C. (2015). The Dark Triad and trait self-objectification as predictors of men’s use and self-presentation behaviors on social networking sites. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 161-165. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.017

Franchina, V. & Lo Coco, G. (2018). The influence of social media use on body image concerns. International Journal of Psychoanalysis and Education, 10(1), 5-14.

Franco, A. C., & Giordani, R. C. F. (2020). Body dissatisfaction as a predictor of disordered eating behaviors in undergraduate women: an integrative review. Research, Society and Development, 9(9), e661997513-e661997513. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7513

Franzoi, S. L., & Herzog, M. E. (1986). The Body Esteem Scale: A convergent and discriminant validity study. Journal of personality assessment, 50(1), 24-31. DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5001_4

Franzoi, S. L., & Koehler, V. (1998). Age and gender differences in body attitudes: A comparison of young and elderly adults. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 47(1), 1-10. DOI: 10.2190/FVG1-GE5A-8G5Y-DXCT

Frederick, D. A., Buchanan, G. M., Sadehgi-Azar, L., Peplau, L. A., Haselton, M. G., Berezovskaya, A., & Lipinski, R. E. (2007a). Desiring the muscular ideal: Men's body satisfaction in the United States, Ukraine, and Ghana. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8(2), 103-117. DOI: 10.1037/1524-9220.8.2.103

Frederick, D. A., Jafary, A. M., Gruys, K., & Daniels, E. A. (2012). Surveys and the epidemiology of body image dissatisfaction. Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance, 766-774.

Frederick, D. A., Lever, J., & Peplau, L. A. (2007b). Interest in cosmetic surgery and body image: Views of men and women across the lifespan. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 120(5), 1407-1415. DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000279375.26157.64

Frederick, D. A., Peplau, L. A., & Lever, J. (2006). The swimsuit issue: Correlates of body image in a sample of 52,677 heterosexual adults. Body Image, 3(4), 413-419. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2006.08.002

Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(2), 173-206. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x

Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2017). Browsing, posting, and liking on Instagram: The reciprocal relationships between different types of Instagram use and adolescents' depressed mood. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(10), 603-609 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0156

Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Chhouk, J., McCann, L. A., Urbina, G., Vuo, H., Krug, I., ... & Richardson, B. (2019). Appearance comparison and other appearance-related influences on body dissatisfaction in everyday life. Body Image, 28(1), 101-109. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.01.002

Gallagher, S. (2008). Direct perception in the intersubjective context. Consciousness and Cognition, 17(2), 535-543. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2008.03.003

Gallivan, H.R. (2014). Tennes, Social Media and Body Image. Park Nicollet Melrose Center. http://www.macmh.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/18_Gallivan_Teens-social-media-body-image-presentation-H-Gallivan-Spring-2014.pdf.

Gargari, B. P., Khadem-Haghighian, M., Taklifi, E., Hamed-Behzad, M., & Shahraki, M. (2010). Eating attitudes, self-esteem and social physique anxiety among Iranian females who participate in fitness programs. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 50(1), 79-84.

Gauvain, M. (2001). Cultural tools, social interaction and the development of thinking. Human development, 44(2-3), 126-143. DOI: 10.1159/000057052

Gerson, J., Plagnol, A. C., & Corr, P. J. (2017). Passive and active Facebook use measure (PAUM): Validation and relationship to the reinforcement sensitivity theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 81-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.034

Geuss, M. (2012). Israel requires advertisers to disclose photoshopping of models. arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2012/05/israel-requiresadvertisers-to-disclose-photoshopping-of-models/.

Ghaznavi, J., & Taylor, L. D. (2015). Bones, body parts, and sex appeal: An analysis of# thinspiration images on popular social media. Body Image, 14(2), 54-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.+B1642015.03.006

Gilbert, P., Price, J., & Allan, S. (1995). Social comparison, social attractiveness and evolution: How might they be related?. New Ideas in Psychology, 13(2), 149-165. DOI: 10.1016/0732-118X(95)00002-X

Gillen, M. M. (2015). Associations between positive body image and indicators of men's and women's mental and physical health. Body Image, 13, 67-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.01.002

Gillen, M. M., & Markey, C. H. (2020). Body image, weight management behavior, and women’s interest in cosmetic surgery. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 1-10. DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1776890

Ging, D., & Garvey, S. (2017). ‘Written in these scars are the stories I can’t explain’: A content analysis of pro-ana and thinspiration image sharing on Instagram. New Media & Society, 20(3), 1181-1200. DOI: 10.1177/1461444816687288

Global Digital Report (2020). Digital in 2020. https://wearesocial.com/global-digital-report-2020.

Goldsmith, K., & Byers, E. S. (2020). Factors associated with sexual satisfaction in mixed-sex long-distance and geographically close relationships. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 1-23. DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2020.1813884

Golinski, M., & Hranchook, A. M. (2018). Adverse Events During Cosmetic Surgery: A Thematic Analysis of Closed Claims. AANA Journal, 86(2), 127-136.

Gonzales IV, M., & Blashill, A. J. (2020). Ethnic/racial and gender differences in body image disorders among a diverse sample of sexual minority US adults. Body Image, 36(1), 64-73. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.10.007

Gonzales, A. L., & Hancock, J. T. (2011). Mirror, mirror on my Facebook wall: Effects of exposure to Facebook on self-esteem. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(1-2), 79-83. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2009.0411

Gordon, C. S., Rodgers, R. F., Slater, A. E., McLean, S. A., Jarman, H. K., & Paxton, S. J. (2020). A cluster randomized controlled trial of the SoMe social media literacy body image and wellbeing program for adolescent boys and girls: Study protocol. Body Image, 33(2), 27-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.003

Govern, J. M., & Marsch, L. A. (2001). Development and validation of the situational self-awareness scale. Consciousness and Cognition, 10(3), 366-378. DOI: 10.1006/ccog.2001.0506

Grabe, S., Ward, L. M., & Hyde, J. S. (2008). The role of the media in body image concerns among women: a meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies. Psychological Bulletin, 134(3), 460-476. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.460

Groesz, L. M., Levine, M. P., & Murnen, S. K. (2002). The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta‐analytic review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31(1), 1-16. DOI: 10.1002/eat.10005

Grogan, S. (2010). Promoting positive body image in males and females: Contemporary issues and future directions. Sex Roles, 63(9-10), 757-765. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-010-9894-z+B178

Grogan, S. (2016). Body image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women and children. UK: Taylor & Francis.

Grogan, S., & Richards, H. (2002). Body image: Focus groups with boys and men. Men and Masculinities, 4(3), 219-232. DOI: 10.1177/1097184X02004003001

Grogan, S., Rothery, L., Cole, J., & Hall, M. (2018). Posting selfies and body image in young adult women: The selfie paradox. The Journal of Social Media in Society, 7(1), 15-36. core.ac.uk/download/pdf/267884191.pdf.

Grossbart, T. A., & Sarwer, D. B. (2003). Psychosocial issues and their relevance to the cosmetic surgery patient. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 22(2), 136-147. DOI: 10.1053/sder.2003.50013

Gruzd, Jacobson, Mai, & Dubois. (2018). The State of Social Media in Canada 2017. Version: 1.0. Ryerson University Social Media Lab. DOI: 10.5683/SP/AL8Z6R

Haferkamp, N., Eimler, S. C., Papadakis, A. M., & Kruck, J. V. (2012). Men are from Mars, women are from Venus? Examining gender differences in self-presentation on social networking sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(2), 91-98. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0151

Hagger, M. S., & Stevenson, A. (2010). Social physique anxiety and physical self-esteem: Gender and age effects. Psychology and Health, 25(1), 89-110. DOI: 10.1080/08870440903160990

Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R., & Black, W. (1995). Multivariate Data Analysis With Raedings. USA: Prentice-Hall International, Inc.

Halliwell, E. (2013). The impact of thin idealized media images on body satisfaction: Does body appreciation protect women from negative effects?. Body Image, 10(4), 509-514. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.07.004

Hanley, F. (2004). The dynamic body image and the moving body: A theoretical and empirical investigation [Doctoral dissertation, Victoria University].

Hanson, J. A., Phillips, L. N., Hughes, S. M., & Corson, K. (2020). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology, binge eating disorder symptomatology, and body mass index among college students. Journal of American College Health, 68(5), 543-549. DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1583651

Harring, H. A., Montgomery, K., & Hardin, J. (2010). Perceptions of body weight, weight management strategies, and depressive symptoms among US college students. Journal of American College Health, 59(1), 43-50. DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2010.483705

Harrison, K. (2000). The body electric: Thin-ideal media and eating disorders in adolescents. Journal of Communication, 50(3), 119-143. DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02856.x

Harrison, K., & Hefner, V. (2006). Media exposure, current and future body ideals, and disordered eating among preadolescent girls: A longitudinal panel study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(2), 146-156. DOI: 10.1007/s10964-005-9008-3

Hart, E. A., Leary, M. R., & Rejeski, W. J. (1989). Tie measurement of social physique anxiety. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 94-104. DOI: 10.1123/jsep.11.1.94

Hart, E., & Chow, C. M. (2020). “I just don’t want to be fat!”: body talk, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder symptoms in mother–adolescent girl dyads. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 25(5), 1235-1242. DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00756-y

Hart, T. A., Flora, D. B., Palyo, S. A., Fresco, D. M., Holle, C., & Heimberg, R. G. (2008). Development and examination of the social appearance anxiety scale. Assessment, 15(1), 48-59. DOI: 10.1177/1073191107306673

Hassim, N., Hasmadi, M. H. N., & Sharipudin, M. N. S. (2020). Social media or social comparison? An analysis of Instagram use among Malaysian youth. Special Issue: The Sixth International Conference in Communication and Media – ICOME’18, 33, 1-16.

Hatton, E., & Trautner, M. N. (2011). Equal opportunity objectification? The sexualization of men and women on the cover of Rolling Stone. Sexuality & culture, 15(3), 256-278. DOI: 10.1007/s12119-011-9093-2

Hausenblas, H. A., & Fallon, E. A. (2002). Relationship among body image, exercise behavior, and exercise dependence symptoms. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32(2), 179-185. DOI: 10.1002/eat.10071

Head, H., & Holmes, G. (1911). Sensory disturbances from cerebral lesions. Brain, 34(2-3), 102-254. DOI: 10.1093/brain/34.2-3.102

Head, H., & Holmes, G. (1912). Researches into sensory disturbances from cerebral lesions. The Lancet, 179(4612), 144-152. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)64942-0

Heinberg, L. J., Thompson, J. K., & Matzon, J. L. (2001). Body image dissatisfaction as a motivator for healthy lifestyle change: Is some distress beneficial? In R. H. Striegel-Moore & L. Smolak (Eds.), Eating disorders: Innovative directions in research and practice (p. 215–232). American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/10403-011

Henderson-King, D., & Brooks, K. D. (2009). Materialism, sociocultural appearance messages, and paternal attitudes predict college women's attitudes about cosmetic surgery. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 33(1), 133-142. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.01480.x

Henderson-King, D., & Henderson-King, E. (2005). Acceptance of cosmetic surgery: Scale development and validation. Body Image, 2(2), 137-149. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.03.003

Hendrickse, J., Arpan, L. M., Clayton, R. B., & Ridgway, J. L. (2017). Instagram and college women's body image: Investigating the roles of appearance-related comparisons and intrasexual competition. Computers in Human Behavior, 74, 92-100. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.04.027

Hietanen, J. K., Leppänen, J. M., Peltola, M. J., Linna-aho, K., & Ruuhiala, H. J. (2008). Seeing direct and averted gaze activates the approach–avoidance motivational brain systems. Neuropsychologia, 46(9), 2423-2430. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.029

Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: a theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94(3), 319-340. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319

Ho, S. S., Lee, E. W., & Liao, Y. (2016). Social network sites, friends, and celebrities: The roles of social comparison and celebrity involvement in adolescents’ body image dissatisfaction. Social Media+ Society, 2(3), 1-11. DOI: 10.1177/2056305116664216

Hogue, J. V., & Mills, J. S. (2019). The effects of active social media engagement with peers on body image in young women. Body Image, 28(1), 1-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.11.002

Holland, G., & Tiggemann, M. (2016). A systematic review of the impact of the use of social networking sites on body image and disordered eating outcomes. Body Image, 17(2), 100-110. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.008

Holland, G., & Tiggemann, M. (2017). “Strong beats skinny every time”: Disordered eating and compulsive exercise in women who post fitspiration on Instagram. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50(1), 76-79. DOI: 10.1002/eat.22559

Homan, K., McHugh, E., Wells, D., Watson, C., & King, C. (2012). The effect of viewing ultra-fit images on college women's body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 9(1), 50-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.07.006

Honigman, R. J., Phillips, K. A., & Castle, D. J. (2004). A review of psychosocial outcomes for patients seeking cosmetic surgery. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 113(4), 1229-1237. DOI: 10.1097/01.PRS.0000110214.88868.CA

Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit. Electron J Bus Res Methods, 6, 53–60. DOI: 10.21427/D7CF7R

Hummon, N. P., & Doreian, P. (2003). Some dynamics of social balance processes: bringing Heider back into balance theory. Social Networks, 25(1), 17-49. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8733(02)00019-9

Hunt, M. G., Marx, R., Lipson, C., & Young, J. (2018). No more FOMO: Limiting social media decreases loneliness and depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 37(10), 751-768. DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.751

Hurd, L. C. (2000). Older women's body image and embodied experience: An exploration. Journal of Women & Aging, 12(3-4), 77-97. DOI: 10.1300/J074v12n03_06

IBM Corp. (2016). IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 24.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. [Computer software].

Instagram (2020). Instagram statistics. https://www.instagram.com/press/.

Intan, P. A. (2019). Does Instagram and Social Physique Anxiety Affect Women's Body Image?. Does Instagram and Social Physique Anxiety Affect Women's Body Image?, 19(1), 11-11.

International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) (2018). ISAPS International Survey on Aesthetic/Cosmetic Procedures. www.isaps.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/ISAPS-Global-Survey-Results-2018-new.pdf.

Irvine, K. R., McCarty, K., McKenzie, K. J., Pollet, T. V., Cornelissen, K. K., Toveé, M. J., & Cornelissen, P. L. (2019). Distorted body image influences body schema in individuals with negative bodily attitudes. Neuropsychologia, 122, 38-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.11.015

Izydorczyk, B., Truong Thi Khanh, H., Lizińczyk, S., Sitnik-Warchulska, K., Lipowska, M., & Gulbicka, A. (2020). Body dissatisfaction, restrictive, and bulimic behaviours among young women: A Polish–Japanese comparison. Nutrients, 12(3), 666. DOI: 10.3390/nu12030666

Jarry, J. L., Dignard, N. A., & O’Driscoll, L. M. (2019). Appearance investment: The construct that changed the field of body image. Body Image, 31(4), 221-244. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.09.001

Javo, I. M., & Sørlie, T. (2009). Psychosocial predictors of an interest in cosmetic surgery among young Norwegian women: a population-based study. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 124(6), 2142-2148. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181bcf290

Jones, A. M., & Buckingham, J. T. (2005). Self–esteem as a moderator of the effect of social comparison on women’s body image. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(8), 1164-1187. DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2005.24.8.1164

Jones, D. C., Vigfusdottir, T. H., & Lee, Y. (2004). Body image and the appearance culture among adolescent girls and boys: An examination of friend conversations, peer criticism, appearance magazines, and the internalization of appearance ideals. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19(3), 323-339. DOI: 10.1177/0743558403258847

Jong, S. T., & Drummond, M. J. (2016). Hurry up and ‘like’me: immediate feedback on social networking sites and the impact on adolescent girls. Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education, 7(3), 251-267. DOI: 10.1080/18377122.2016.1222647

Kahalon, R., Shnabel, N., & Becker, J. C. (2018). Experimental Studies on State Self-Objectification: A Review and an Integrative Process Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1268. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01268

Kaiser, H. F. (1970). A Second-Generation Little Jiffy. Psychometrika, 35(4), 401-415. DOI: 10.1007/BF02291817

Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36. DOI: 10.1007/BF02291575

Kaiser, Η. F. (1960). The application of electronic computers to factors analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 141-151. DOI: 10.1177/001316446002000116

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business horizons, 53(1), 59-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003

Karazsia, B. T., & Crowther, J. H. (2009). Social body comparison and internalization: Mediators of social influences on men's muscularity-oriented body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 6(2), 105-112. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.12.003

Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1974). Uses and Gratification Research. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509-523. DOI: 10.1086/268109

Keel, P. K., & Forney, K. J. (2013). Psychosocial risk factors for eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 46(5), 433-439. DOI: 10.1002/eat.22094

Keel, P. K., Baxter, M. G., Heatherton, T. F., & Joiner Jr, T. E. (2007). A 20-year longitudinal study of body weight, dieting, and eating disorder symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116(2), 422-432. DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.116.2.422

Keery, H., van den Berg, P., & Thompson, J. K. (2004). An evaluation of the Tripartite Influence Model of body dissatisfaction and eating disturbance with adolescent girls. Body Image, 1(3), 237-251. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.03.001

Kenny, U., O’Malley-Keighran, M. P., Molcho, M., & Kelly, C. (2017). Peer influences on adolescent body image: friends or foes?. Journal of Adolescent Research, 32(6), 768-799. DOI: 10.1177/0743558416665478

Kenny. D. A. (1979). Correlation and Causality. New York: Wiley. DOI: 10.1177/014662168100500215

Kim, H. (2008). The impact of body image self-discrepancy on body dissatisfaction, fashion involvement, concerns with fit and size of garments, and loyalty intentions in online apparel shopping. [Doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University, Retrospective Theses and Dissertations, 15722]. lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=16721&context=rtd.

Kim, J. W., & Chock, T. M. (2015). Body image 2.0: Associations between social grooming on Facebook and body image concerns. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 331-339. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.009

Kiviruusu, O., Konttinen, H., Huurre, T., Aro, H., Marttunen, M., & Haukkala, A. (2016). Self-esteem and body mass index from adolescence to mid-adulthood. A 26-year follow-up. International journal of behavioral medicine, 23(3), 355-363. DOI: 10.1007/s12529-015-9529-4

Kleemans, M., Daalmans, S., Carbaat, I., & Anschütz, D. (2018). Picture perfect: The direct effect of manipulated Instagram photos on body image in adolescent girls. Media Psychology, 21(1), 93-110. DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2016.1257392

Kluck, A. S. (2010). Family influence on disordered eating: The role of body image dissatisfaction. Body image, 7(1), 8-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.09.009

Knauss, C., Paxton, S. J., & Alsaker, F. D. (2007). Relationships amongst body dissatisfaction, internalisation of the media body ideal and perceived pressure from media in adolescent girls and boys. Body image, 4(4), 353-360. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.06.007

Knobloch-Westerwick, S., & Crane, J. (2012). A losing battle: Effects of prolonged exposure to thin-ideal images on dieting and body satisfaction. Communication Research, 39(1), 79-102. DOI: 10.1177/0093650211400596

Koskina, A., Van den Eynde, F., Meisel, S., Campbell, I. C., & Schmidt, U. (2011). Social appearance anxiety and bulimia nervosa. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 16(2), e142-e145. DOI: 10.1007/BF03325321

Kostanski, M., Fisher, A., & Gullone, E. (2004). Current conceptualisation of body image dissatisfaction: have we got it wrong?. Journal of child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7), 1317-1325. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00315.x

Kotler, L. A., Cohen, P., Davies, M., Pine, D. S., & Walsh, B. T. (2001). Longitudinal relationships between childhood, adolescent, and adult eating disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(12), 1434-1440. DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200112000-00014

Koyuncu, M., Tok, S., Canpolat, A. M., & Catikkas, F. (2010). Body image satisfaction and dissatisfaction, social physique anxiety, self-esteem, and body fat ratio in female exercisers and nonexercisers. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 38(4), 561-570. DOI: 10.2224/sbp.2010.38.4.561

Krawitz, M. (2014). Beauty is only photoshop deep: legislating models' BMIs and photoshopping images. Journal of Law and Medicine, 21(4), 859-874.

Kvalem, I. L., von Soest, T., Roald, H. E., & Skolleborg, K. C. (2006). The interplay of personality and negative comments about appearance in predicting body image. Body image, 3(3), 263-273. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2006.04.002

Larson, K., & Gosain, A. K. (2012). Cosmetic surgery in the adolescent patient. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 129(1), 135e-141e. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182362bb8

Latner, J. D., Rosewall, J. K., & Simmonds, M. B. (2007). Childhood obesity stigma: association with television, videogame, and magazine exposure. Body Image, 4(2), 147-155. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.03.002

Laughlin, C. (2020). # AmplifyWomen: the emergence of an evangelical feminist public on social media. Feminist Media Studies, 1-15. DOI: 10.1080/14680777.2020.1711794

Leary, M. R. (1992). Self-presentational processes in exercise and sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14(4), 339-351. DOI: 10.1123/jsep.14.4.339

Lee-Won, R. J., Shim, M., Joo, Y. K., & Park, S. G. (2014). Who puts the best “face” forward on Facebook?: Positive self-presentation in online social networking and the role of self-consciousness, actual-to-total Friends ratio, and culture. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 413-423. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.08.007

Lee, H. K. (2011). Factors Influencing Need for Cosmetic Surgery among High School Girls. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 17(2), 126-136.

Lee, H. R., Lee, H. E., Choi, J., Kim, J. H., & Han, H. L. (2014). Social media use, body image, and psychological well-being: A cross-cultural comparison of Korea and the United States. Journal of health communication, 19(12), 1343-1358. DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2014.904022

Lee, M., & Lee, H. H. (2020). Social media photo activity, internalization, appearance comparison, and body satisfaction: The moderating role of photo-editing behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106579. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106579

Leiner, D. J., Kobilke, L., Rueß, C., & Brosius, H. B. (2018). Functional domains of social media platforms: Structuring the uses of Facebook to better understand its gratifications. Computers in Human Behavior, 83, 194-203. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.01.042

Levine, M. P., & Chapman, K. (2011). Media influences on body image. In T. F. Cash & L. Smolak (Eds.), Body Image: A Handbook of Science, Practice, and Prevention (p. 101–109). New York: Guilford Press.

Levine, M. P., & Harrison, K. (2004). Media's Role in the Perpetuation and Prevention of Negative Body Image and Disordered Eating. In J. K. Thompson (Ed.), Handbook of Eating Disorders and Obesity (p. 695–717). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Levine, M. P., & Harrison, K. (2009). Effects of media on eating disorders and body image. In J. Bryant & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in Theory and Research (3rd ed., pp. 490–516). New York: Routledge.

Levinson, C. A., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2012). Social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity: The role of negative social evaluation fears. Eating Behaviors, 13(1), 27-35. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.11.006

Levinson, C. A., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2016). Clarifying the prospective relationships between social anxiety and eating disorder symptoms and underlying vulnerabilities. Appetite, 107, 38-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.07.024

Lewis-Smith, H., Diedrichs, P. C., & Halliwell, E. (2019). Cognitive-behavioral roots of body image therapy and prevention. Body image, 31(4), 309-320. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.08.009

Li, D., Guo, Y., Zhang, L., Tu, M., Yu, Q., Li, H., ... & Jin, S. (2020). Fluid self-worth: the compensatory role of online social interaction. Children and Youth Services Review, 119, 105536. DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105536

Li, T., & Zhu, H. (2020). Effect of the media on the opinion dynamics in online social networks. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 124117, 1-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2019.124117

Liao, K. Y.-H., Shen, F. C., Cox, A. R., Miller, A. R., Sievers, B., & Werner, B. (2020). Asian American men’s body image concerns: A focus group study. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 21(3), 333–344. DOI: 10.1037/men0000234

Lin, K. L., & Raval, V. V. (2020). Understanding body image and appearance management behaviors among adult women in South Korea within a sociocultural context: A review. International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 9(2), 96-122. DOI: 10.1037/ipp0000124

Lonergan, A. R., Bussey, K., Mond, J., Brown, O., Griffiths, S., Murray, S. B., & Mitchison, D. (2019). Me, my selfie, and I: The relationship between editing and posting selfies and body dissatisfaction in men and women. Body Image, 28(1), 39-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.12.001

Longo, M. R., Schüür, F., Kammers, M. P., Tsakiris, M., & Haggard, P. (2009). Self-awareness and the body image. Acta Psychologica, 132(2), 166-172. DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.02.003

López-Guimerà, G., Levine, M. P., Sánchez-Carracedo, D., & Fauquet, J. (2010). Influence of mass media on body image and eating disordered attitudes and behaviors in females: A review of effects and processes. Media Psychology, 13(4), 387-416. DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2010.525737

Lu, H. Y., & Hou, H. Y. (2009). Testing a model of the predictors and consequences of body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 6(1), 19-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.08.003

Lunde, C. (2013). Acceptance of cosmetic surgery, body appreciation, body ideal internalization, and fashion blog reading among late adolescents in Sweden. Body Image, 10(4), 632-635. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.06.007

Lunt, N., & Carrera, P. (2010). Medical tourism: assessing the evidence on treatment abroad. Maturitas, 66(1), 27-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.01.017

Lynn, T., Rosati, P., Leoni Santos, G., & Endo, P. T. (2020). Sorting the Healthy Diet Signal from the Social Media Expert Noise: Preliminary Evidence from the Healthy Diet Discourse on Twitter. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 8557. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228557

Mabe, A. G., Forney, K. J., & Keel, P. K. (2014). Do you “like” my photo? Facebook use maintains eating disorder risk. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(5), 516-523. DOI: 10.1002/eat.22254

MacNeill, L. P., Best, L. A., & Davis, L. L. (2017). The role of personality in body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating: discrepancies between men and women. Journal of Eating Disorders, 5(1), 44-52. DOI: 10.1186/s40337-017-0177-8

Maisel, A., Waldman, A., Furlan, K., Weil, A., Sacotte, K., Lazaroff, J. M., ... & Cartee, T. V. (2018). Self-reported patient motivations for seeking cosmetic procedures. JAMA dermatology, 154(10), 1167-1174. DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.2357

Manago, A. M., Graham, M. B., Greenfield, P. M., & Salimkhan, G. (2008). Self-presentation and gender on MySpace. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 446-458. DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.001

Manago, A. M., Ward, L. M., Lemm, K. M., Reed, L., & Seabrook, R. (2015). Facebook involvement, objectified body consciousness, body shame, and sexual assertiveness in college women and men. Sex roles, 72(1-2), 1-14. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-014-0441-1

Markey, C. N., & Markey, P. M. (2009). Correlates of young women’s interest in obtaining cosmetic surgery. Sex Roles, 61(3-4), 158-166. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-009-9625-5

Markey, C. N., & Markey, P. M. (2014). Gender, sexual orientation, and romantic partner influence on body image: An examination of heterosexual and lesbian women and their partners. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31(2), 162-177. DOI: 10.1177/0265407513489472

Markley Rountree, M., & Davis, L. (2011). A dimensional qualitative research approach to understanding medically unnecessary aesthetic surgery. Psychology & Marketing, 28(10), 1027-1043. DOI: 10.1002/mar.20426

Mars, B., Heron, J., Klonsky, E. D., Moran, P., O'Connor, R. C., Tilling, K., ... & Gunnell, D. (2019). What distinguishes adolescents with suicidal thoughts from those who have attempted suicide? A population‐based birth cohort study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60(1), 91-99. DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12878

Martel, J., Powell, E., & Murina, A. (2020). The effect of Instagram and photograph editing on seeking dermatologic care. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 19, 2732–2735. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13456

Mason, T. B., Smith, K. E., Engwall, A., Lass, A., Mead, M., Sorby, M., ... & Wonderlich, S. (2019). Self-discrepancy theory as a transdiagnostic framework: A meta-analysis of self-discrepancy and psychopathology. Psychological bulletin, 145(4), 372-389. DOI: 10.1037/bul0000186

Matera, C. (2014). Encouraging safer sex: mediating and moderating effects on condom use among Italian girls. International Journal of Sexual Health, 26(3), 217-228. DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2013.858803

Matera, C., Nerini, A., & Stefanile, C. (2013a). The role of peer influence on girls’ body dissatisfaction and dieting. European Review of Applied Psychology, 63(2), 67-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2012.08.002

Matera, C., Nerini, A., & Stefanile, C. (2013b). Assessing body dissatisfaction: validation of the Italian version of the body shape questionnaire-14 (BSQ-14). Counseling, 6, 235–244.

Matera, C., Nerini, A., & Stefanile, C. (2019). Sexual orientation, peer influence, body dissatisfaction, and Eudaimonic well-being in Italian men. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1843. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01843

Matera, C., Nerini, A., Giorgi, C., Baroni, D., & Stefanile, C. (2015). Beyond sociocultural influence: self-monitoring and self-awareness as predictors of women’s interest in breast cosmetic surgery. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 39(3), 331-338. DOI: 10.1007/s00266-015-0471-2

Mayer-Brown, S., Lawless, C., Fedele, D., Dumont-Driscoll, M., & Janicke, D. M. (2016). The effects of media, self-esteem, and BMI on youth's unhealthy weight control behaviors. Eating Behaviors, 21, 59-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.11.010

Mazzeo, S. E., Trace, S. E., Mitchell, K. S., & Gow, R. W. (2007). Effects of a reality TV cosmetic surgery makeover program on eating disordered attitudes and behaviors. Eating Behaviors, 8(3), 390-397. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.11.016

McCabe, M., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Mellor, D., & Maïano, C. (2020). Body image, disordered eating, higher weight, and their associated factors: Can we use the same scales to measure constructs across different countries?. Body Image, 35(4), 316-319. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.09.017

McLaren, L., Hardy, R., & Kuh, D. (2003). Women's body satisfaction at midlife and lifetime body size: A prospective study. Health Psychology, 22(4), 370-377. DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.22.4.370

McLean, S. A., Paxton, S. J., & Wertheim, E. H. (2016). The role of media literacy in body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: A systematic review. Body Image, 19(4), 9-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.08.002

McLean, S. A., Wertheim, E. H., Masters, J., & Paxton, S. J. (2017). A pilot evaluation of a social media literacy intervention to reduce risk factors for eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50(7), 847-851. DOI: 10.1002/eat.22708

McLester, C. N., Hicks, C. S., Miller, L., & McLester, J. R. (2018). An Investigation of the Differences between Perceived vs. Measured Body Composition, Social Physique Anxiety, and Overall Appearance Satisfaction among College Students. International Journal of Exercise Science, 11(5), 957-967.

Meier, E. P. & Gray J. (2014). Facebook photo activity associated with body image disturbance in adolescent girls. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(4), 199-206. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2013.0305

Mellor, D., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., McCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2010). Body image and self-esteem across age and gender: A short-term longitudinal study. Sex roles, 63(9-10), 672-681. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-010-9813-3

Menzel, J. E., Schaefer, L. M., Burke, N. L., Mayhew, L. L., Brannick, M. T., & Thompson, J. K. (2010). Appearance-related teasing, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating: A meta-analysis. Body Image, 7(4), 261-270. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.05.004

Menzel, J. E., Sperry, S. L., Small, B., Thompson, J. K., Sarwer, D. B., & Cash, T. F. (2011). Internalization of appearance ideals and cosmetic surgery attitudes: A test of the tripartite influence model of body image. Sex Roles, 65(7-8), 469-477. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-011-9983-7

Micali, N., Ploubidis, G., De Stavola, B., Simonoff, E., Treasure, J. (2014). Frequency and patterns of eating disorder symptoms in early adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 54 (5), 574–581. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.10.200

Mills, J. S., Musto, S., Williams, L., & Tiggemann, M. (2018). “Selfie” harm: Effects on mood and body image in young women. Body Image, 27(4), 86-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.007

Mingoia, J., Hutchinson, A. D., Gleaves, D. H., & Wilson, C. (2020). Does Better Media Literacy Protect Against the Desire for Tanned Skin and Propensity for Making Appearance Comparisons?. Social Media+ Society, 6(1), 1-10. DOI: 10.1177/2056305120905.366

Mingoia, J., Hutchinson, A. D., Wilson, C., & Gleaves, D. H. (2017). The relationship between social networking site use and the internalization of a thin ideal in females: A meta-analytic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1351. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01351

Mondini, S., Favaro, A., & Santonastaso, P. (1996). Eating disorders and the ideal of feminine beauty in Italian newspapers and magazines. European Eating Disorders Review: The Professional Journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 4(2), 112-120. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0968(199606)4:2<112::AID-ERV152>3.0.CO;2-6

Monro, F., & Huon, G. (2005). Media‐portrayed idealized images, body shame, and appearance anxiety. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 38(1), 85-90. DOI: 10.1002/eat.20153

Moradi, B., & Huang, Y. P. (2008). Objectification theory and psychology of women: A decade of advances and future directions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32(4), 377-398. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00452.x

Morgan, M., & Shanahan, J. (2010). The state of cultivation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54(2), 337-355. DOI: 10.1080/08838151003735018

Morken, I. S., Røysamb, E., Nilsen, W., & Karevold, E. B. (2019). Body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms on the threshold to adolescence: examining gender differences in depressive symptoms and the impact of social support. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 39(6), 814-838. DOI: 10.1177/0272431618791280

Motl, R. W., & Conroy, D. E. (2000). Validity and factorial invariance of the Social Physique Anxiety Scale. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(5), 1007–1017. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200005000-00020

Mulkens, S., Bos, A. E., Uleman, R., Muris, P., Mayer, B., & Velthuis, P. (2012). Psychopathology symptoms in a sample of female cosmetic surgery patients. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic surgery, 65(3), 321-327. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2011.09.038

Mussweiler, T., Rüter, K., & Epstude, K. (2006). The why, who, and how of social comparison: A social-cognition perspective. In S. Guimond (Ed.), Social comparison and social psychology: Understanding cognition, intergroup relations, and culture (p. 33–54). Cambridge University Press.

Myers, T. A. & Crowther, J. H. (2009). Social comparison as a predictor of body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(4), 683-698. DOI: 10.1037/a0016763

Nabi, R. L. (2009). Cosmetic surgery makeover programs and intentions to undergo cosmetic enhancements: A consideration of three models of media effects. Human Communication Research, 35(1), 1-27. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2008.01336.x

Nassab, R., Navsaria, H., Myers, S., & Frame, J. (2011). Online marketing strategies of plastic surgeons and clinics: a comparative study of the United Kingdom and the United States. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 31(5), 566-571. DOI: 10.1177/1090820X11411162

Nelson, M. C., Story, M., Larson, N. I., Neumark-Sztainer, D., & Lytle, L. A. (2008). Emerging adulthood and college-aged youth: an overlooked age for weight-related behavior change. Obesity, 16(10), 2205-2211. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.365

Nerini, A. (2009). Influenza dei media, autostima e insoddisfazione corporea in un gruppo di preadolescenti maschi e femmine. Psicologia della Salute, 1, 68-84. DOI: 10.3280/PDS2009-001005

Nerini, A., & Matera, C. (2019). Oggettivazione corporea, norme morali e rapporti sessuali a rischio: canoni morali e canoni estetici in uomini e donne eterosessuali. La Camera Blu. Rivista di Studi di Genere, 21, 77–97. DOI: 10.6092/1827-9198/6665

Nerini, A., Matera, C., & Stefanile, C. (2014). Psychosocial predictors in consideration of cosmetic surgery among women. Aesthetic plastic surgery, 38(2), 461-466. DOI: 10.1007/s00266-014-0294-6

Nerini, A., Matera, C., & Stefanile, C. (2016). Siblings’ appearance-related commentary, body dissatisfaction, and risky eating behaviors in young women. European Review of Applied Psychology, 66(6), 269-276. DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2016.06.005

Nerini, A., Matera, C., Di Gesto, C., Policardo, G. R., & Stefanile, C. (2019). Exploring the Links Between Self-Compassion, Body Dissatisfaction, and Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery in Young Italian Women. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2698. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02698

Nerini, A., Matera, C., Di Gesto, C., Policardo, G. R., & Stefanile C. (2018). Validation of an Italian version of the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) on women. Second International Conference Healthier societies fostering healthy organizations: A cross-cultural perspective. 30th August–1st September, Florence.

Nerini, A., Stefanile, C., & Mercurio, C. (2008). L’immagine corporea. In Dettore, D. (Ed.), I disturbi dell’immagine corporea (pp. 1-13). Milano: McGraw-Hill.

Niu, G., Sun, L., Liu, Q., Chai, H., Sun, X., & Zhou, Z. (2020). Selfieposting and young adult women’s restrained rating: The role of commentary on appearance and self-objectification. Sex Roles, 83(3-4), 232–240. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-019-01045-9

Nunnally J. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Nyamaruze, P., & Govender, K. (2020). “I like the way I am, but I feel like I could get a little bit bigger”: Perceptions of body image among adolescents and youth living with HIV in Durban, South Africa. PloS one, 15(1), e0227583. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227583

O’Dea, J., & Cinelli, R. L. (2016). Use of drugs to change appearance in girls and female adolescents. In Chemically Modified Bodies (pp. 51-76). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Office for Nationail Statistics (2019). www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/householdcharacteristics/homeinternetandsocialmediausage/bulletins/internetaccesshouseholdsandindividuals/2019.

Osborne, J. W., Costello, A. B., & Kellow, J. T. (2008). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis. Best Practices in Quantitative Methods, 86-99. DOI: 10.4135/9781412995627.d8.95627.d8

Paillard, J. (2005). Vectorial versus conﬁgural encoding of body space. Body image and body schema: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Body, 62, 89-109. DOI: 10.1075/aicr.62.07pai

Papp, I., Urbán, R., Czeglédi, E., Babusa, B., & Túry, F. (2013). Testing the Tripartite Influence Model of body image and eating disturbance among Hungarian adolescents. Body Image, 10(2), 232-242. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.12.006

Parent, M. C. (2013). Clinical considerations in etiology, assessment, and treatment of men's muscularity-focused body image disturbance. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 14(1), 88-100. DOI: 10.1037/a0025644

Park, L. E., Calogero, R. M., Young, A. F., & Diraddo, A. M. (2010). Appearance-based rejection sensitivity predicts body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and cosmetic surgery acceptance. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29(5), 489-509. DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2010.29.5.489

Park, S. Y. (2005). The influence of presumed media influence on women’s desire to be thin. Communication Research, 32(5), 594-614. DOI: 10.1177/0093650205279350

Paxton, S. J. (2015). Social policy and prevention. In L. Smolak & M., Levine (Eds.), The Wiley Handbook of Eating Disorders (pp. 655-668). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. DOI: 10.1002/9781118574089.ch48

Paxton, S. J., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Hannan, P. J., & Eisenberg, M. E. (2006). Body dissatisfaction prospectively predicts depressive mood and low self-esteem in adolescent girls and boys. Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology, 35(4), 539-549. DOI: 10.1207/s15374424jccp3504_5

Pempek, T. A., Yermolayeva, Y. A., & Calvert, S. L. (2009). College students' social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 227-238. DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010

Pendolino, A. L., & Ottaviano, G. (2019). Social Networks and the Rhinoplasty Patient. JAMA facial plastic surgery, 21(3), 264-265. DOI: 10.1001/jamafacial.2018.1391

Perloff, R. M. (2014). Social media effects on young women’s body image concerns: Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research. Sex Roles, 71(11-12), 363-377. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-014-0384-6

Perrotta, G. (2020). The concept of altered perception in “body dysmorphic disorder”: The subtle border between the abuse of selfies in social networks and cosmetic surgery, between socially accepted dysfunctionality and the pathological condition. Joutnal of Neurolology, Neurolological Science and Disorder, 6(1), 001-007. DOI: 10.17352/jnnsd

Pirani, E., & Matera, C. (2020). Who is at risk? Gendered psychological correlates in Italian students’ sexual risk profiles. Genus, 76(1), 1-21. DOI: 10.1186/s41118-020-00080-9

Policardo, G. R., Matera, C., Nerini, A., & Stefanile, C. (2018). Tu come mi vedi? Commenti del partner circa l’aspetto fisico, immagine corporea e soddisfazione di coppia: uno studio empirico. Psicologia della Salute, 2, 137-1557. DOI: 10.3280/PDS2018-002011

Pönkänen, L. M., Peltola, M. J., & Hietanen, J. K. (2011). The observer observed: Frontal EEG asymmetry and autonomic responses differentiate between another person's direct and averted gaze when the face is seen live. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 82(2), 180-187. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.08.006

Porras‐Garcia, B., Ferrer‐Garcia, M., Yilmaz, L., Sen, Y. O., Olszewska, A., Ghita, A., ... & Gutiérrez‐Maldonado, J. (2020). Body‐related attentional bias as mediator of the relationship between body mass index and body dissatisfaction. European Eating Disorders Review, 28, 454–464. DOI: 10.1002/erv.2730

Potard, C., Lancelot, C., & Courtois, R. (2019). Examining relationships between sexual risk–safety behaviors and physical self-concept by gender: A cluster analytical approach. Emerging Adulthood, 7(1), 31-44. DOI: 10.1177/2167696817750802

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. DOI: 10.3758/BRM.40.3.879

Presnell, K., Bearman, S. K., & Stice, E. (2004). Risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls: A prospective study. International Journal of Eating disorders, 36(4), 389-401. DOI: 10.1002/eat.20045

Proffitt, D. R. (2006). Embodied perception and the economy of action. Perspectives on psychological science, 1(2), 110-122. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00008.x

Puerto, R. (2019). Body Weight Narrative: The Application of the Tripartite Influence Model of Body Image to Young Latina Girls [Doctoral dissertation, Alliant International University].

Qamar, Z., Malik, N. I., Maqsood, A., & Kiani, S. (2020). Body esteem and narcissism as predictor of social physique anxiety among adolescents. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 70(1), 106-11.

Ragelienė, T., & Grønhøj, A. (2020). The influence of peers′ and siblings′ on children’s and adolescents′ healthy eating behavior. A systematic literature review. Appetite, 148, 104592. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104592

Rahbari, L., Dierickx, S., Longman, C., & Coene, G. (2018). ‘Kill Me but Make Me Beautiful’: Harm and Agency in Female Beauty Practices in Contemporary Iran. Iran and the Caucasus, 22(1), 50-60. DOI: 10.1163/1573384X-20180105

Rajanala, S., Maymone, M. B., & Vashi, N. A. (2018). Selfies—living in the era of filtered photographs. JAMA facial plastic surgery, 20(6), 443-444. DOI: 10.1001/jamafacial.2018.0486

Ramme, R. A., Donovan, C. L., & Bell, H. S. (2016). A test of athletic internalisation as a mediator in the relationship between sociocultural influences and body dissatisfaction in women. Body Image, 16(1), 126-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.01.002

Rausch, J.R., Maxwell, S.E., & Kelley, K. (2003). Analytic methods for questions pertaining to a randomized pretest, posttest, follow-up design. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32(3), 467-486. DOI: 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3203_15

Rayner, K. E., Schniering, C. A., Rapee, R. M., & Hutchinson, D. M. (2013). A longitudinal investigation of perceived friend influence on adolescent girls' body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 42(5), 643-656. DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2012.743103

Reas, D. L., & Grilo, C. M. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral assessment of body image disturbances. Journal of Psychiatric Practice®, 10(5), 314-322. DOI: 10.1097/00131746-200409000-00005

Rezaian, M. (2020). Perceived Physical Appearance, Self-Esteem, and Depression Among Iranian-American Women [Doctoral dissertation, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology].

Ricciardelli, L. A., & McCabe, M. P. (2001). Children's body image concerns and eating disturbance: A review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(3), 325-344. DOI: 10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00051-3

Ridgway, J. L. & Clayton, R. B. (2016). Instagram unfiltered: Exploring associations of body image satisfaction, Instagram# selfie posting, and negative romantic relationship outcomes. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(1), 2-7. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2015.0433

Ringrose, J. (2011). Are You Sexy, Flirty, Or A Slut? Exploring ‘Sexualization’ and How Teen Girls Perform/Negotiate Digital Sexual Identity on Social Networking Sites. In Gill, R., & Scharff, C. (Eds). New Femininities. London: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1057/9780230294523_7

Riva, G., Gaggioli, A., & Dakanalis, A. (2013). From body dissatisfaction to obesity: How virtual reality may improve obesity prevention and treatment in adolescents. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 184, 356-362. DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.039

Roberts, A., & Good, E. (2010). Media images and female body dissatisfaction: The moderating effects of the Five-Factor traits. Eating Behaviors, 11(4), 211-216. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2010.04.002

Rodgers, R. F., & Melioli, T. (2016). The relationship between body image concerns, eating disorders and internet use, part I: A review of empirical support. Adolescent Research Review, 1(2), 95-119. DOI: 10.1007/s40894-015-0016-6

Rodgers, R. F., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Markey, C., Granero-Gallegos, A., Sicilia, A., Caltabiano, M., ... & Dion, J. (2020). Psychometric properties of measures of sociocultural influence and internalization of appearance ideals across eight countries. Body Image, 35(4), 300-315. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.09.016

Rodgers, R. F., Lowy, A. S., Halperin, D. M., & Franko, D. L. (2016). A meta‐analysis examining the influence of pro‐eating disorder websites on body image and eating pathology. European Eating Disorders Review, 24(1), 3-8. DOI: 10.1002/erv.2390

Rodgers, R. F., Paxton, S. J., & McLean, S. A. (2014). A biopsychosocial model of body image concerns and disordered eating in early adolescent girls. Journal of youth and adolescence, 43(5), 814-823 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-013-0013-7

Rodgers, R., Chabrol, H. & Paxton, S. J. (2011). An exploration of the tripartite influence model of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating among Australian and French college women. Body Image, 8(2), 208–215. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.04.009

Rodin, J., Silberstein, L., & Striegel-Moore, R. (1984). Women and weight: A normative discontent. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 32, 267–307.

Rohrich, R. J., Savetsky, I. L., Savetsky, E. B., & Avashia, Y. J. (2020). Why social media is transforming plastic surgery. Indian journal of plastic surgery: official publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India, 53(1), 4-5. DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709942

Rollero, C. (2013). Men and women facing objectification: The effects of media models on well-being, self-esteem and ambivalent sexism. Revista de Psicología Social, 28(3), 373-382. DOI: 10.1174/021347413807719166

Rollero, C. (2015). “I know you are not real”: Salience of photo retouching reduces the negative effects of media exposure via internalization. Studia Psychologica, 57(3), 195-202. DOI: 10.21909/sp.2015.03.693

Rollero, C. (2019). Il ruolo dei processi di influenza sociale sull’immagine corporea dei giovani adulti: una ricerca qualitativa. La Camera Blu. Rivista di Studi di Genere, 21, 5-20. DOI: 10.6092/1827-9198/6658

Rollero, C., & De Piccoli, N. (2012). Modelli mediatici e oggettivazione maschile e femminile. La camera blu. Rivista di studi di genere, 8. DOI: 10.6092/1827-9198/1631

Rollero, C., Daniele, A., & Tartaglia, S. (2019). Do men post and women view? The role of gender, personality and emotions in online social activity. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 13(1). DOI: 10.5817/CP2019-1-1

Rosewall, J. K., Gleaves, D. H., & Latner, J. D. (2019). Psychopathology factors that affect the relationship between body size and body dissatisfaction and the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating pathology. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2768. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02768

Roy, M., & Payette, H. (2012). The body image construct among Western seniors: A systematic review of the literature. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 55(3), 505-521. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.04.007

Rucker, D. D., Preacher, K. J., Tormala, Z. L., & Petty, R. E. (2011). Mediation analysis in social psychology: current practices and new recommendations. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(6), 359–371. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004

Rudiger, J. A., & Winstead, B. A. (2013). Body talk and body-related co-rumination: Associations with body image, eating attitudes, and psychological adjustment. Body Image, 10(4), 462-471. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.07.010

Ruiz-Carot, Á., Conesa-Agüera, A., Juliá-Sanchis, R., Almansa-Martínez, P., & Jiménez-Ruiz, I. (2020). Beauty stereotypes as a form of violence in Spanish context: A mixed-method model. Health Care for Women International, 1-17. DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2019.1639707

Rukavina, T., & Pokrajac-Bulian, A. (2006). Thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction and symptoms of eating disorders in Croatian adolescent girls. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 11(1), 31-37. DOI: 10.1007/BF03327741

Runfola, C. D., Von Holle, A., Trace, S. E., Brownley, K. A., Hofmeier, S. M., Gagne, D. A., & Bulik, C. M. (2013). Body dissatisfaction in women across the lifespan: Results of the UNC‐SELF and gender and body image (GABI) studies. European Eating Disorders Review, 21(1), 52-59. DOI: 10.1002/erv.2201

Saiphoo, A. N., & Vahedi, Z. (2019). A meta-analytic review of the relationship between social media use and body image disturbance. Computers in Human Behavior, 101, 259-275. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.07.028

Salk, R.H., & Engeln-Maddox, R., 2011. “If you're fat, then I'm humongous!”: frequency, content, and impact of Fat Talk among college women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35 (1), 18–28. DOI: 10.1177/0361684310384107

Samuel, H. (2015) France divides the fashion world by banning skinny models. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11514613/Francedivides-the-fashion-world-by-banning-skinny-models.html.

Santarossa, S., & Woodruff, S. J. (2018). # LancerHealth: Using Twitter and Instagram as a tool in a campus wide health promotion initiative. Journal of Public Health Research, 7(1), 1166. DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2018.1166

Sante, A. B., & Pasian, S. R. (2011). Body image and personality traits of women seeking aesthetic plastic surgery. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 24(3), 429-437. DOI: 10.1590/S0102-79722011000300003

Sarwer, D. B. (2019). Body image, cosmetic surgery, and minimally invasive treatments. Body Image, 31(4), 302-308. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.01.009

Sarwer, D. B., & Crerand, C. E. (2004). Body image and cosmetic medical treatments. Body Image, 1(1), 99-111. DOI: 10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00003-2

Sarwer, D. B., Cash, T. F., Magee, L., Williams, E. F., Thompson, J. K., Roehrig, M., ... & Anderson, D. A. (2005). Female college students and cosmetic surgery: An investigation of experiences, attitudes, and body image. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 115(3), 931-938. DOI: 10.1097/01.PRS.0000153204.37065.D3

Sarwer, D. B., Infield, A. L., & Crerand, C. E. (2009). Plastic surgery for children and adolescents. In L. Smolak & J. K. Thompson (Eds.), Body image, eating disorders, and obesity in youth: Assessment, prevention, and treatment (p. 303–325). American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/11860-015

Sarwer, D. B., Magee, L., & Crerand, C. E. (2003). Handbook of eating disorders and obesity. Cosmetic Surgery and Cosmetic Medical Treatments (pp. 718-37). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Sarwer, D. B., Wadden, T. A., Spitzer, J. C., Mitchell, J. E., Lancaster, K., Courcoulas, A., ... & Christian, N. J. (2018). 4-Year changes in sex hormones, sexual functioning, and psychosocial status in women who underwent bariatric surgery. Obesity Surgery, 28(4), 892-899. DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-3025-7

Saunders, J. F., & Eaton, A. A. (2018). Social comparisons in eating disorder recovery: Using PhotoVoice to capture the sociocultural influences on women's recovery. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 51(12), 1361-1366. DOI: 10.1002/eat.22978

Savoy, S., & Boxer, P. (2020). The impact of weight-biased media on weight attitudes, self-attitudes, and weight-biased behavior. Psychology of Popular Media, 9(1), 31–44. DOI: 10.1037/ppm0000232

Schaefer, L. M., Burke, N. L., Anderson, L. M., Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Bardone-Cone, A. M., … Paxton, S. J. (2019). Comparing internalization of appearance ideals and appearance pressures among American, Italian, English, and Australian Women. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 24(5), 947-951. DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0544-8

Schaefer, L. M., Burke, N. L., Calogero, R. M., Menzel, J. E., Krawczyk, R., & Thompson, J. K. (2018). Self-objectification, body shame, and disordered eating: Testing a core mediational model of objectification theory among White, Black, and Hispanic women. Body Image, 24(1), 5-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.10.005

Schaefer, L. M., Burke, N. L., Thompson, J. K., Dedrick, R. F., Heinberg, L. J., Calogero, R. M., ... & Anderson, D. A. (2015). Development and validation of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4). Psychological Assessment, 27(1), 54-67. DOI: 10.1037/a0037917

Schaefer, L. M., Harriger, J. A., Heinberg, L. J., Soderberg, T., & Kevin Thompson, J. (2017). Development and validation of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire‐4‐revised (SATAQ‐4R). International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50(2), 104-117. DOI: 10.1002/eat.22590

Schaefer, L. M., Rodgers, R. F., Thompson, J. K., & Griffiths, S. (2020). A test of the tripartite influence model of disordered eating among men. Body Image, 36(1), 172-179. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.11.009

Schaefer, M. K., & Blodgett Salafia, E. H. (2014). The connection of teasing by parents, siblings, and peers with girls’ body dissatisfaction and boys’ drive for muscularity: The role of social comparison as a mediator. Eating Behaviors, 15(4), 599–608. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.08.018

Scharrer, E. L. (2013). Representations of gender in the media. In K. E. Dill (Ed.), Oxford library of psychology. The Oxford handbook of media psychology (p. 267–284). Oxford University Press.

Schilder, P. (1935/1950/1978). The Image and Appearance of the Human Body. New York: International Universities Press.

Schutz, H. K., Paxton, S. J., & Wertheim, E. H. (2002). Investigation of Body Comparison Among Adolescent Girls 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(9), 1906-1937. DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00264.x

Schwoebel, J., & Coslett, H. B. (2005). Evidence for multiple, distinct representations of the human body. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(4), 543-553. DOI: 10.1162/0898929053467587

Scully, M., Swords, L., & Nixon, E. (2020). Social comparisons on social media: Online appearance-related activity and body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 1-12. DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2020.93

Seekis, V., Bradley, G. L., & Duffy, A. L. (2020a). Appearance-Related Social Networking Sites and Body Image in Young Women: Testing an Objectification-Social Comparison Model. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 0361684320920826. DOI: 10.1177/0361684320920826

Seekis, V., Bradley, G. L., & Duffy, A. L. (2020b). Does a Facebook-enhanced Mindful Self-Compassion intervention improve body image? An evaluation study. Body Image, 34(3), 259-269. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.07.006

Seidman, G. (2013). Self-presentation and belonging on Facebook: How personality influences social media use and motivations. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(3), 402-407. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.10.009

Sensis (2020). Sensis social media report 2020. https://2k5zke3drtv7fuwec1mzuxgv-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Yellow_Social_Media_Report_2020_Consumer.pdf.

Shafie, L. A., Nayan, S., & Osman, N. (2012). Constructing identity through facebook profiles: Online identity and visual impression management of university students in Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 134-140. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.102

Sharma S. (1996). Applied Multivariate Techniques. USA: John Willey & Sons, Inc.

Sharp, G., Tiggemann, M., & Mattiske, J. (2014). The role of media and peer influences in Australian women's attitudes towards cosmetic surgery. Body Image, 11(4), 482-487. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.07.009

Sharpe, H., Patalay, P., Choo, T. H., Wall, M., Mason, S. M., Goldschmidt, A. B., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2018). Bidirectional associations between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms from adolescence through early adulthood. Development and Psychopathology, 30(4), 1447-1458. DOI: 10.1017/S0954579417001663

Sheldon, P., & Bryant, K. (2016). Instagram: Motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and contextual age. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 89-97. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.059

Sherlock, M., & Wagstaff, D. L. (2019). Exploring the relationship between frequency of Instagram use, exposure to idealized images, and psychological well-being in women. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(4), 482-490. DOI: 10.1037/ppm0000182

Sherman, L. E., Payton, A. A., Hernandez, L. M., Greenfield, P. M., & Dapretto, M. (2016). The power of the like in adolescence: effects of peer influence on neural and behavioral responses to social media. Psychological science, 27(7), 1027-1035. DOI: 10.1177/0956797616645673

Shontz, F. C. (1969). Perceptual and Cognitive Aspects of Body Experience. New York: Academic Press.

Shroff, H., & Thompson, J. K. (2006). Peer influences, body-image dissatisfaction, eating dysfunction and self-esteem in adolescent girls. Journal of Health Psychology, 11(4), 533-551. DOI: 10.1177/1359105306065015

Sicilia, Á., Alcaraz-Ibáñez, M., Lirola, M. J., & Burgueño, R. (2017). Influence of goal contents on exercise addiction: Analysing the mediating effect of passion for exercise. Journal of Human Kinetics, 59(1), 143-153. DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0154

Sigerson, L., & Cheng, C. (2018). Scales for measuring user engagement with social network sites: A systematic review of psychometric properties. Computers in Human Behavior, 83, 87-105. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.01.023

Silvia, P. J., & Duval, T. S. (2001). Objective self-awareness theory: Recent progress and enduring problems. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(3), 230-241. DOI: 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0503_4

Sinclair, S. L., & Myers, J. E. (2004). The relationship between objectified body consciousness and wellness in a group of college women. Journal of College Counseling, 7(2), 150-161. DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-1882.2004.tb00246.x

Singh, S., & Gadiraju, P. (2020). Prevalence and correlates of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating patterns in Indian youth: The role of media. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 62(5), 509-516. https://www.indianjpsychiatry.org/text.asp?2020/62/5/509/297774

Slade, P. D. (1988). Body image in anorexia nervosa. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 153(S2), 20-22. DOI: 10.1192/S0007125000298930

Slade, P. D. (1994). What is body image?. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32(5), 497–502. DOI: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)90136-8

Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2015). Media exposure, extracurricular activities, and appearance-related comments as predictors of female adolescents’ self-objectification. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 39(3), 375-389. DOI: 10.1177/0361684314554606

Slater, A., Tiggemann, M., Firth, B., & Hawkins, K. (2012). Reality check: An experimental investigation of the addition of warning labels to fashion magazine images on women's mood and body dissatisfaction. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31(2), 105-122. DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2012.31.2.105

Slater, M. D. (2007). Reinforcing spirals: The mutual influence of media selectivity and media effects and their impact on individual behavior and social identity. Communication Theory, 17(3), 281-303. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00296.x.

Slevec, J., & Tiggemann, M. (2010). Attitudes toward cosmetic surgery in middle-aged women: Body image, aging anxiety, and the media. Psychology of women quarterly, 34(1), 65-74. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2009.01542.x

Sobanko, J. F., Dai, J., Gelfand, J. M., Sarwer, D. B., & Percec, I. (2018). Prospective cohort study investigating changes in body image, quality of life, and self-esteem following minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Dermatologic Surgery, 44(8), 1121-1128. DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001523

Solomon-Krakus, S., & Sabiston, C. M. (2017). Body checking is associated with weight-and body-related shame and weight-and body-related guilt among men and women. Body Image, 23(4), 80-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.08.005

Sonneville, K. R., Thurston, I. B., Milliren, C. E., Kamody, R. C., Gooding, H. C., & Richmond, T. K. (2016). Helpful or harmful? Prospective association between weight misperception and weight gain among overweight and obese adolescents and young adults. International Journal of Obesity, 40(2), 328-332. DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.166

Sorice, S. C., Li, A. Y., Gilstrap, J., Canales, F. L., & Furnas, H. J. (2017). Social media and the plastic surgery patient. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 140(5), 1047-1056. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003769

Statista (2020). Instagram dossier. www.statista.com/study/21392/instagram-statista-dossier/.

Stefanile, C., Matera, C., Nerini, A., & Pasciucco, L. (2015). Predittori dell’interesse per la chirurgia estetica. Influenze socioculturali e insoddisfazione corporea. Psicologia della Salute, 1, 108-130. DOI: 10.3280/PDS2015-001010

Stefanile, C., Matera, C., Pisani, E., & Zambrini, I. (2009). Insoddisfazione corporea in adolescenza: influenze di fattori bio-psico-sociali. Psicologia della Salute, 2, 51-65. DOI: 10.3280/PDS2009-002004

Stefanile, C., Nerini, A., & Matera, C. (2014). The factor structure and psychometric properties of the Italian version of the acceptance of cosmetic surgery scale. Body Image, 11(4), 370–379. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.06.005

Stefanile, C., Nerini, A., Matera, C., Schaefer, L. M., & Thompson, J. K. (2019). Validation of an Italian version of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-4-revised (SATAQ-4R) on non-clinical Italian women and men. Body Image, 31(4), 48-58. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.08.005

Steinberg, L., & Monahan, K. C. (2007). Age differences in resistance to peer influence. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1531–1543. DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1531

Stice, E., & Hoffman, E. (2004). Eating disorder prevention programs. In J. K. Thompson (Ed.), Handbook of Eating Disorders and Obesity (p. 33–57). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Stice, E., & Shaw, H. E. (1994). Adverse effects of the media portrayed thin-ideal on women and linkages to bulimic symptomatology. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 13(3), 288-308. DOI: 10.1521/jscp.1994.13.3.288

Stice. E., & Shaw, H. E. (2002). Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology: A synthesis of research findings. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(5), 985-993. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00488-9

Streiner, D. L. (2005). Finding our way: an introduction to path analysis. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50(2), 115-122. DOI: 10.1177/070674370505000207

Striegel-Moore, R. H., & Marcus, M. D. (1995). Eating disorders in women: Current issues and debates. In A. L. Stanton & S. J. Gallant (Eds.). The psychology of women's health: Progress and Challenges in Research and Application (p. 445–487). American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/10178-026

Suleymani, S. (2019). Futurities of beauty and the scalpel: Cosmetic surgeries and fatphobia in Iran. Fat Studies, 9(3), 204-219. DOI: 10.1080/21604851.2019.1641396

Sun, Q. (2020). Selfie Editing and Consideration of Cosmetic Surgery Among Young Chinese Women: The Role of Self-Objectification and Facial Dissatisfaction. Sex Roles, 1-10. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-020-01191-5

Sundar, S. S., & Limperos, A. M. (2013). Uses and grats 2.0: New gratifications for new media. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57(4), 504-525. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2013.845827

Swami, V., & Mammadova, A. (2012). Associations between consideration of cosmetic surgery, perfectionism dimensions, appearance schemas, relationship satisfaction, excessive reassurance-seeking, and love styles. Individual Differences Research, 10(2), 81-94.

Swami, V., Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Bridges, S., & Furnham, A. (2009). Acceptance of cosmetic surgery: Personality and individual difference predictors. Body Image, 6(1), 7-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.09.004

Swami, V., Furnham, A., & Joshi, K. (2008). The influence of skin tone, hair length, and hair colour on ratings of women's physical attractiveness, health and fertility. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(5), 429-437. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00651.x

Swami, V., Hwang, C. S., & Jung, J. (2012). Factor structure and correlates of the acceptance of cosmetic surgery scale among South Korean university students. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 32(2), 220-229. DOI: 10.1177/1090820X11431577

Swami, V., Tran, U. S., Brooks, L. H., Kanaan, L., Luesse, E. M., Nader, I. W., ... & Voracek, M. (2013). Body image and personality: Associations between the Big Five Personality Factors, actual‐ideal weight discrepancy, and body appreciation. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 54(2), 146-151. DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12014

Szymanski, D. M., Moffitt, L. B., & Carr, E. R. (2011). Sexual objectification of women: Advances to theory and research. The Counseling Psychologist, 39, 6–38. DOI: 10.1177/0011000010378402

Talbot, C. V., Gavin, J., Van Steen, T., & Morey, Y. (2017). A content analysis of thinspiration, fitspiration, and bonespiration imagery on social media. Journal of Eating Disorders, 5(1), 1-8. DOI: 10.1186/s40337-017-0170-2

Tamplin, N. C., McLean, S. A., & Paxton, S. J. (2018). Social media literacy protects against the negative impact of exposure to appearance ideal social media images in young adult women but not men. Body Image, 26(3), 29-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.05.003

Tang, C., Cooper, M., Wang, S., Song, J., & He, J. (2020). The relationship between body weight and dietary restraint is explained by body dissatisfaction and body image inflexibility among young adults in China. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 1-8. DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01032-0

Tartaglia, S., & Rollero, C. (2015). Gender stereotyping in newspaper advertisements: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 46(8), 1103-1109. DOI: 10.1177/0022022115597068

Tebar, W. R., Gil, F. C., Scarabottolo, C. C., Codogno, J. S., Fernandes, R. A., & Chistofaro, D. G. (2020). Body size dissatisfaction associated with dietary pattern, overweight, and physical activity in adolescents–a cross‐sectional study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 22(3), 749-757. DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12723

Tedeschi, J. T. (Ed.). (1981). Impression management theory and social psychological research. New York: Academic Press.

Thomas, E. V., & Warren-Findlow, J. (2020). Body image, self-esteem, and behavioral risk for chronic disease among college students: Additional evidence for integrated prevention. Journal of American College Health, 68(6), 658-665. DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1590370

Thompson J. K., Heinberg L. J., Altabe M., & Tantleff-Dunn S. (1999). Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/10312-000

Thompson, A. M., & Chad, K. E. (2002). The relationship of social physique anxiety to risk for developing an eating disorder in young females. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31(2), 183-189. DOI: 10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00397-4

Thompson, J. K., & Heinberg, L. J. (1999). The media’s influence on body image disturbance and eating disorders: We've reviled them, now can we rehabilitate them?. Journal of social issues, 55(2), 339-353. DOI: 10.1111/0022-4537.00119

Thompson, J. K., & Stice, E. (2001). Thin-ideal internalization: Mounting evidence for a new risk factor for body-image disturbance and eating pathology. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(5), 181-183. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8721.00144

Thompson, J. K., Fabian, L. J., Moulton, D. O., Dunn, M. E., & Altabe, M. N. (1991). Development and validation of the physical appearance related teasing scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 56(3), 513-521. DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5603_12

Thompson, J. K., Schaefer, L. M., & Menzel, J. E. (2012). Internalization of thin-ideal and muscular-ideal. Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance, 499-504. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-384925-0.00079-1

Thompson, K. (2020). An application of psychosocial frameworks for eating disorder risk during the postpartum period: A review and future directions. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 23, 625-633. DOI: 10.1007/s00737-020-01049-5

Thompson, K. A., & Bardone-Cone, A. M. (2020). Sources of body comparison and their relation to body image concerns among middle-aged women. Eating Behaviors, 40, 101468. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101468

Tiggemann, M. (2011). Mental health risks of self-objectification: A review of the empirical evidence for disordered eating, depressed mood, and sexual dysfunction. In R. M. Calogero, S. Tantleff-Dunn, & J. K. Thompson (Eds.), Self-objectification in women: Causes, consequences, and counteractions (p. 139–159). American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/12304-007

Tiggemann, M. & Slater, A. (2014). NetTweens: The internet and body image concerns in preteenage girls. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 34(5), 606-620. DOI: 10.1177/0272431613501083

Tiggemann, M. & Zaccardo, M. (2015). “Exercise to be fit, not skinny”: The effect of fitspiration imagery on women's body image. Body Image, 15(3), 61-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.06.003

Tiggemann, M., & Anderberg, I. (2019). Social media is not real: The effect of ‘Instagram vs reality’ images on women’s social comparison and body image. New Media & Society, 22(12), 2183-2199. DOI: 10.1177/1461444819888720

Tiggemann, M., & Barbato, I. (2018). “You look great!”: The effect of viewing appearance-related Instagram comments on women’s body image. Body Image, 27(4), 61-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.009

Tiggemann, M., & Kuring, J. K. (2004). The role of body objectification in disordered eating and depressed mood. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43(3), 299-311. DOI: 10.1348/0144665031752925

Tiggemann, M., & Lacey, C. (2009). Shopping for clothes: Body satisfaction, appearance investment, and functions of clothing among female shoppers. Body Image, 6(4), 285-291. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.07.002

Tiggemann, M., & Lynch, J. E. (2001). Body image across the life span in adult women: The role of self-objectification. Developmental Psychology, 37(2), 243-253. DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.37.2.243

Tiggemann, M., & Miller, J. (2010). The Internet and adolescent girls’ weight satisfaction and drive for thinness. Sex Roles, 63(1-2), 79-90. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-010-9789-z

Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2013). NetGirls: The Internet, Facebook, and body image concern in adolescent girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 46(6), 630-633. DOI: 10.1002/eat.22141

Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2014). NetTweens: The internet and body image concerns in preteenage girls. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 34(5), 606-620. DOI: 10.1177/0272431613501083

Tiggemann, M., & Williams, E. (2012). The role of self-objectification in disordered eating, depressed mood, and sexual functioning among women: A comprehensive test of objectification theory. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 36(1), 66-75. DOI: 10.1177/0361684311420250

Tiggemann, M., & Zinoviev, K. (2019). The effect of# enhancement-free Instagram images and hashtags on women’s body image. Body Image, 31(4), 131-138. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.09.004

Tiggemann, M., Anderberg, I., & Brown, Z. (2020). Uploading your best self: Selfie editing and body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 33(2), 175-182. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.03.002

Tiggemann, M., Brown, Z., Zaccardo, M., & Thomas, N. (2017). “Warning: This image has been digitally altered”: The effect of disclaimer labels added to fashion magazine shoots on women’s body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 21(2), 107-113. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.04.001

Tiggemann, M., Hayden, S., Brown, Z., & Veldhuis, J. (2018). The effect of Instagram “likes” on women’s social comparison and body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 26(3), 90-97. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.07.002

Tiggemann, M., Slater, A., Bury, B., Hawkins, K., & Firth, B. (2013). Disclaimer labels on fashion magazine advertisements: Effects on social comparison and body dissatisfaction. Body image, 10(1), 45-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.08.001

Tobin, S. J., & Chulpaiboon, P. (2016). The role of social connection in satisfaction with Instagram photographs. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 2(3), 303-312. DOI: 10.1037/tps0000084

Turel, T., Jameson, M., Gitimu, P., Rowlands, Z., Mincher, J., & Pohle-Krauza, R. (2018). Disordered eating: Influence of body image, sociocultural attitudes, appearance anxiety and depression-a focus on college males and a gender comparison. Cogent Psychology, 5(1), 1483062. DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1483062

Tylka, T. L. (2011). Positive psychology perspectives on body image. In T. F. Cash & L. Smolak (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of science, practice, and prevention (p. 56–64). New York: Guilford Press.

Tylka, T. L., & Subich, L. M. (2004). Examining a multidimensional model of eating disorder symptomatology among college women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(3), 314-328. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.51.3.314

Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. L. (2015). The Body Appreciation Scale-2: item refinement and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 12(1), 53-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.09.006

Uchôa, F. N. M., Uchôa, N. M., Daniele, T. M. D. C., Lustosa, R. P., Garrido, N. D., Deana, N. F., ... & Alves, N. (2019). Influence of the mass media and body dissatisfaction on the risk in adolescents of developing eating disorders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(9), 1508. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph1609150

Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2013). The differential susceptibility to media effects model. Journal of Communication, 63(2), 221-243. DOI: 10.1111/jcom.12024

Vanderkruik, R., Conte, I., & Dimidjian, S. (2020). Fat talk frequency in high school women: Changes associated with participation in the Body Project. Body Image, 34(3), 196-200. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.06.002

Varela, C., Oda-Montecinos, C., & Saldana, C. (2019). Cross-cultural study of the different components of body dissatisfaction in community samples from Spain and Chile. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 36(3), 691-697. DOI: 10.20960/nh.02212

Veldhuis, J., Alleva, J. M., Bij de Vaate, A. J., Keijer, M., & Konijn, E. A. (2020). Me, my selfie, and I: The relations between selfie behaviors, body image, self-objectification, and self-esteem in young women. Psychology of Popular Media, 9(1), 3-13. DOI: 10.1037/ppm0000206

Vendemia, M. A., & DeAndrea, D. C. (2018). The effects of viewing thin, sexualized selfies on Instagram: Investigating the role of image source and awareness of photo editing practices. Body Image, 27(4), 118-127. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.013

Verrastro, V., Liga, F., Cuzzocrea, F., & Gugliandolo, M. C. (2020). Fear the Instagram: beauty stereotypes, body image and Instagram use in a sample of male and female adolescents. Qwerty-Open and Interdisciplinary Journal of Technology, Culture and Education, 15(1), 31-49. DOI: 10.30557/QW000021

Villanti, A. C., Johnson, A. L., Ilakkuvan, V., Jacobs, M. A., Graham, A. L., & Rath, J. M. (2017). Social media use and access to digital technology in US young adults in 2016. Journal of medical Internet research, 19(6), e196. DOI: 10.2196/jmir.7303

Volpato, C. (2011). Deumanizzazione. Roma-Bari: Editori Laterza.

von Soest, T., Kvalem, I. L., & Wichstrøm, L. (2012). Predictors of cosmetic surgery and its effects on psychological factors and mental health: a population-based follow-up study among Norwegian females. Psychological Medicine, 42(3), 617-626. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291711001267

von Soest, T., Kvalem, I. L., Skolleborg, K. C., & Roald, H. E. (2006). Psychosocial factors predicting the motivation to undergo cosmetic surgery. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 117(1), 51-62. DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000194902.89912.f1

Vygotskij, L.S. (1987). The collected works of L.S. Vygotsky. Vol. 1. Problems of general psychology. Including the Volume Thinking and speech. New York: Plenum.

Walker, C. E., Krumhuber, E. G., Dayan, S., & Furnham, A. (2019). Effects of social media use on desire for cosmetic surgery among young women. Current Psychology, 1-10. DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00282-1

Wallace, R. (2020). Fat talk: Influences on body image in childcare. Health Promote J Autral., 31, 224-231. DOI: 10.1002/hpja.272

Wang, J. V., Rieder, E. A., Schoenberg, E., Zachary, C. B., & Saedi, N. (2019). Patient perception of beauty on social media: Professional and bioethical obligations in esthetics. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 19(5), 1129-1130. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13118

Want, S.C. (2009). Meta-analytic moderators of experimental exposure to media portrayals of women on female appearance satisfaction: Social comparisons as automatic processes. Body Image, 6(3), 257-269. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.07.008

Webb, J. B., Wood-Barcalow, N. L., & Tylka, T. L. (2015). Assessing positive body image: Contemporary approaches and future directions. Body Image, 14(2), 130-145. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.03.010

Weiss, B., & Feldman, R. S. (2006). Looking good and lying to do it: Deception as an impression management strategy in job interviews. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(4), 1070-1086. DOI: 10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00055.x

Wertheim, E. H., Paxton, S. J., & Blaney, S. (2009). Body image in girls. In Body image, eating disorders, and obesity in youth: Assessment, prevention, and treatment, 2nd ed. (pp. 47-76). American Psychological Association.

West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. J. (1995). “Structural equation models with non-normal variables: problems and remedies” in Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. Ed. R. Hoyle (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage), 56–75.

Weston, R., & Gore, P. A. (2006). A brief guide to structural equation modeling. Counseling Psychologist, 34(5), 719–751. DOI: 10.1177/0011000006286345

Wiekens, C. J., & Stapel, D. A. (2008). The mirror and I: When private opinions are in conflict with public norms. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(4), 1160-1166. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.02.005

Wiekens, C. J., & Stapel, D. A. (2010). Self-awareness and saliency of social versus individualistic behavioral standards. Social Psychology, 41, 10-19. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000003

Wiseman, C. V., Gray, J. J., Mosimann, J. E., & Ahrens, A. H. (1992). Cultural expectations of thinness in women: An update. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 11(1), 85-89. DOI: 10.1002/1098-108X(199201)11:1<85::AID-EAT2260110112>3.0.CO;2-T

Woodman, T., & Steer, R. (2011). Body self‐discrepancies and women's social physique anxiety: The moderating role of the feared body. British Journal of Psychology, 102(2), 147-160. DOI: 10.1348/000712610X507821

World Health Organization. (1995). Physical status: The use of and interpretation of anthropometry, Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organization. apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/37003/WHO_TRS_854.pdf.

Xiaojing, A. (2017). Social networking site uses, internalization, body surveillance, social comparison and body dissatisfaction of males and females in mainland China. Asian Journal of Communication, 27(6), 616-630. DOI: 10.1080/01292986.2017.1365914

Yellowlees, R., Dingemans, A. E., Veldhuis, J., & de Vaate, A. B. (2019). Face yourself (ie): Investigating selfie-behavior in females with severe eating disorder symptoms. Computers in Human Behavior, 101, 77–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.07.018

Yue, Z., & Stefanone, M. (2020, July). Mass Media Consumption and Sexual Image Sharing from a Social Cognitive Perspective. In International Conference on Social Media and Society (pp. 193-199). DOI: 10.1145/3400806.3400829

Zamariola, G., Cardini, F., Mian, E., Serino, A., & Tsakiris, M. (2017). Can you feel the body that you see? On the relationship between interoceptive accuracy and body image. Body Image, 20(1), 130-136. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.01.005

Zarychta, K., Chan, C. K., Kruk, M., & Luszczynska, A. (2020). Body satisfaction and body weight in under-and healthy-weight adolescents: mediating effects of restrictive dieting, healthy and unhealthy food intake. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 25(1), 41-50. DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0496-z

Zell, E., & Strickhouser, J. E. (2020). Comparisons Across Dimensions, People, and Time: On the Primacy of Social Comparison in Self-Evaluations. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(6), 791-800. DOI: 10.1177/1948550619884564

Zuckerman, D., & Abraham, A. (2008). Teenagers and cosmetic surgery: Focus on breast augmentation and liposuction. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(4), 318-324. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.04.018

Influenze socioculturali, immagine corporea e chirurgia estetica

Acquisto

Informazioni bibliografiche

Download dei libri

Visualizzazioni

Salva la citazione

Libri consigliati

1.711

Volumi pubblicati

1.412

Libri in accesso aperto

2.691

Capitoli di Libri

4.559.482

Download dei libri

5.066

Autori

72

scientific boards

1.312

I referee

Catalogo

Scientific Cloud

Linee guida

Influenze socioculturali, immagine corporea e chirurgia estetica

Acquisto

Informazioni bibliografiche

Download dei libri

Visualizzazioni

Salva la citazione

Libri consigliati

1.711

Volumi pubblicati

1.412

Libri in accesso aperto

2.691

Capitoli di Libri

4.559.482

Download dei libri

5.066

Autori

72

scientific boards

1.312

I referee