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Health literacy among students and blood donors: Evidence from the San Marino Republic

  • Pietro Renzi
  • Alberto Franci

Health literacy (HL) has emerged as a critical determinant of health, influencing outcomes, inequalities, and healthcare sustainability. This short paper compares recent findings on HL among university students and their families in San Marino with those among blood donors in Italy. Results show that while students often display inadequate or problematic HL, blood donors generally achieve higher scores, likely reflecting self-selection and health-related altruism. In both groups, HL remains strongly stratified by education, income, and age, confirming the persistence of a social gradient. Building on these insights, the paper argues for extending HL assessment to caregivers, who play a central role in mediating between patients and health systems. Strengthening HL across students, donors, and caregivers can enhance individual empowerment, foster civic engagement, and improve the resilience of healthcare systems.

  • Keywords:
  • subjective happiness,
  • trust,
  • social capital,
  • Bayesian networks,
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Pietro Renzi

University of San Marino, San Marino - ORCID: 0000-0001-6200-7265

Alberto Franci

University of San Marino, San Marino - ORCID: 0000-0002-8157-9792

  1. Renzi, P., Franci, A. (2025). Health literacy among university students and their families in the Republic of San Marino: Association with socioeconomic and health status determinants. Quality & Quantity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-025-02343-z DOI: 10.1007/s11135-025-02343-z
  2. Sørensen, K., Van den Broucke, S., Fullam, J., Doyle, G., Pelikan, J., Slonska, Z., Brand, H. (2012). Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health 12, 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-80 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-80
  3. Tamayo-Fonseca, N., Pereyra-Zamora, P., Barona, C., Mas, R., Irles, M.Á., Nolasco, A. (2023). Health literacy: Association with socioeconomic determinants and the use of health services in Spain. Frontiers Public Health 11, 1226420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1226420
  4. National Blood Center (CNS). Annual report on transfusion activity – 2023 data. Ministry of Health, Italy. Available at: https://www.centronazionalesangue.it
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  • Anno di pubblicazione: 2026
  • Pagine: 351-355

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  • Anno di pubblicazione: 2026

Informazioni sul capitolo

Titolo del capitolo

Health literacy among students and blood donors: Evidence from the San Marino Republic

Autori

Pietro Renzi, Alberto Franci

Lingua

Inglese

DOI

10.36253/979-12-215-1062-1.61

Opera sottoposta a peer review

Anno di pubblicazione

2026

Copyright

© 2026 Author(s)

Licenza d'uso

CC BY 4.0

Licenza dei metadati

CC0 1.0

Informazioni bibliografiche

Titolo del libro

Data, Statistics and AI for Well-Being of People and Organisations

Curatori

Luigi Fabbris, Alberto Franci, Pietro Renzi

Opera sottoposta a peer review

Numero di pagine

420

Anno di pubblicazione

2026

Copyright

© 2026 Author(s)

Licenza d'uso

CC BY 4.0

Licenza dei metadati

CC0 1.0

Editore

Firenze University Press

DOI

10.36253/979-12-215-1062-1

ISBN Print

979-12-215-1061-4

eISBN (pdf)

979-12-215-1062-1

eISBN (xml)

979-12-215-1063-8

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Applied Statistics Series

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