Sommario

Introduzione

1. ACTION Project. 2022. CORDIS. https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/824603/results.
2. Action Project-Participatory science toolkit against pollution. 2025. cordis. Consultato febbraio 12. https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/824603.
3. Aernouts, Nele, Francesca Cognetti, e Elena Maranghi, a c. di. 2023. Urban Living Lab for Local Regeneration. Beyond Participation in Large-scale Social Housing Estates. Cham: Springer. https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/d7a4aa23-0e75-4b38-b850-ddbc08dd1ba1/978-3-031-19748-2.pdf.
4. Albert, Alexandra, Muki Haklay, Fabien Moustard, Susanne Hecker, Bastian Greshake Tzovaras, Marina Chang, e Ariel B. Lindner. 2023. «The transdisciplinary potential of citizen science». In Handbook of Transdisciplinarity: Global Perspectives, a cura di R.J. Lawrence, 198–214. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
5. Alix, Nicole, e Daniela Ciaffi. 2017. «Beni comuni: in Francia come in Italia, l‘importante è contribuire!» Labsus. https://www.labsus.org/2017/06/democrazia-beni-comuni-in-francia-come-in-italia-limportante-e-contribuire/.
6. Allwinkle, Sam, e Peter Cruickshank. 2011. «Creating Smart-Er Cities: An Overview». Journal of Urban Technology 18 (2): 1–16. DOI: 10.1080/10630732.2011.601103
7. Almela, Marta, Xabier Barandiaran, Arnau Monterde, Antonio Calleja-López, Juan Linares, Carolina Romero, e Andrés Lucena. 2025. «Infrastruttura digitale per la democrazia partecipativa». Decidim. Consultato febbraio 12. https://moodle2.units.it/pluginfile.php/494130/mod_resource/content/1/decidim.pdf.
8. Anderson, Charles. 2008. «The end of theory: The data deluge makes the scientific method obsolete». https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53810729.
9. Annan, Kofi. 2007. «How to engage stakeholders and mainstream biodiversity». In Communication, education and public awareness (CEPA): a toolkit for national focal points and NBSAP coordinators, a cura di F. Hesselink, W. Goldstein, P. P. van Kempen, T. Garnett, e J. Dela, 155–225. Montreal, Canada: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity and IUCN. https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/library/cepa_toolkit_english.pdf.
10. Aoki, Paul, Allison Woodruff, Baladitya Yellapragada, e Wesley Willett. 2017. «Environmental Protection and Agency: Motivations, Capacity, and Goals in Participatory Sensing». In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 3138–50. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. DOI: 10.1145/3025453.3025667
11. Arnstein, Sherry R. 1969. «A Ladder Of Citizen Participation». Journal of the American Institute of Planners 35 (4): 216–24. DOI: 10.1080/01944366908977225
12. Asah, Stanley T., Anne D. Guerry, Dale J. Blahna, e Joshua J. Lawler. 2014. «Perception, acquisition and use of ecosystem services: Human behavior, and ecosystem management and policy implications». Ecosystem Services 10: 180–86. DOI: 10.1080/01944366908977225
13. Asah, Stanley T., e Dale J. Blahna. 2012. «Motivational functionalism and urban conservation stewardship: implications for volunteer involvement». Conservation Letters 5 (6): 470–77. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00263.x
14. Ash James, Kitchin Rob, Leszczynski Agnieszka. (2018). Digital turn, digital geographies? Progress in Human Geography, 42(1), 25-43. DOI: 10.1177/0309132516664800
15. Baccarne, Bastiaan, Dimitri Shuurman, Peter Mechant, e Lieven De Marez. 2014. «The role of urban living labs in a smart city». In XXV ISPIM Innovation Conference, Proceedings. Dublin, Ireland: UGent Publication. http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-5646684.
16. Baker, Monya. 2016. «1,500 scientists lift the lid on reproducibility». Nature 533: 452–54. DOI: 10.1038/533452a
17. Balázs, Bálint, Peter Mooney, Eva Nováková, Lucy Bastin, e Jamal Jokar Arsanjani. 2021. «Data Quality in Citizen Science». In The Science of Citizen Science, a cura di Katrin Vohland, Anne Land-Zandstra, Luigi Ceccaroni, Rob Lemmens, Josep Perelló, Marisa Ponti, Roeland Samson, e Katherin Wagenknecht, 139–57. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_8
18. Balestrini, Mara, Rogers Yvonne, Carolyn Hassan, Javi Creus, Martha King, e Paul Marshall. 2017. «A City in Common: A Framework to Orchestrate Large-Scale Citizen Engagement Around Urban Issues». In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2282–94. CHI ’17. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. DOI: 10.1145/3025453.3025915
19. Ballard, Heidi L., Tina Phillips, e Lucy Robinson. 2018. «Conservation outcomes of citizen science». In Citizen Science - Innovation in Open Science, Society and Policy, a cura di S. Hecker, M. Haklay, A. Bowser, Z. Makuch, J. Vogel, e A. Bonn, 254–68. London: UCL Press. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10066316/.
20. Banca Dati. 2025. Scopus. Consultato gennaio 10. www.scopus.com.
21. Barber, Vanessa, Catherine Bertrand, Caroline Bulman, Claire Carvell, Helene Colman, Richard Comont, Katie Cruickshanks, et al. 2016. «Polli:Bright. Manuale delle attività». Polli:Bright Project Report. OPAL. https://www.dsv.unisi.it/sites/st15/files/allegatiparagrafo/05-04-2019/ita-pollination-manuale.pdf.
22. Batson, C. Daniel, Ahmad N. e Tsang, J. A. 2003. «Four motives for community involvement». Journal of Social Issues 58(3): 429–445. DOI: 10.1111/1540-4560.00269
23. Berti Suman, Anna, e Robin Pierce. 2018. «Challenges for Citizen Science and the EU Open Science Agenda under the GDPR». European Data Protection Law Review 4 (3): 284–95. DOI: 10.21552/edpl/2018/3/7
24. Betty, Michael, Andrew Hudson-Smith, Richard Milton, e Andrew Crooks. 2010. «Map mashups, Web 2.0 and the GIS revolution». Annals of GIS 16 (1): 1–13. DOI: 10.1080/19475681003700831
25. Bird, Tomas J., Amanda E. Bates, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Nicole A. Hill, Russel J. Thomson, Graham J. Edgar, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, et al. 2014. «Statistical solutions for error and bias in global citizen science datasets». Biological Conservation 173: 144–54. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.07.037
26. Birdwatching. 2025. ebird. Consultato febbraio 3. https://ebird.org/home.
27. Bonney, Rick, Caren B. Cooper, Janis Dickinson, Steve Kelling, Tina Phillips, Kenneth V. Rosenberg, e Jennifer Shirk. 2009. «Citizen Science: A Developing Tool for Expanding Science Knowledge and Scientific Literacy». BioScience 59 (11): 977–84. DOI: 10.1525/bio.2009.59.11.9
28. Bonney, Rick, Heidi Ballard, Rebeca Jordan, Ellen McCallie, Tina Phillips, Jennifer Shirk, e Candie C. Wilderman. 2009. «Public participation in scientific research: Defining the field and assessing its potential for informal science education». A CAISE Inquiry Group Report. Washington, DC: Center for Advancement of Informal Science Education (CAISE). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED519688.pdf.
29. Bonney, Rick, Jennifer L. Shirk, Tina B. Phillips, Andrea Wiggins, Heidi L. Ballard, Abraham J. Miller-Rushing, e Julia K Parrish. 2014. «Next Steps for Citizen Science». Science 343 (6178): 1436–37. DOI: 10.1126/science.1251554
30. Bonney, Rick, Tina B. Phillips, Heidi L. Ballard, e Jody W. Enck. 2016. «Can Citizen Science Enhance Public Understanding of Science?» Public Understanding of Science 25 (1): 2–16. DOI: 10.1177/0963662515607406
31. Bonney, Rick. 1996. «Citizen Science: A Lab Tradition». Living Bird 15 (4): 7–15.
32. Bonney, Rick. 2007. «Citizen Science at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology». In Exemplary Science in Informal Education Settings: Standards-Based Success Stories, a cura di R.E. Yagere e J.H. Falk, 213–29. Arlington, VA: NSTA Press.
33. Bonomi, Aldo, e Roberto Masiero. 2014. Dalla smart city alla smart land. 4a ed. Venezia: Agenda Marsilio.
34. Bordogna, Gloria, Paola Carrara, Laura Criscuolo, Monica Pepe, e Anna Rampini. 2014. «On Predicting and Improving the Quality of Volunteer Geographic Information Projects». International Journal of Digital Earth 9 (2): 134–55. DOI: 10.1080/17538947.2014.976774
35. Boston Public Library. 2024. «Norman B. Leventhal Map & Education Center». Norman B. Leventhal Map & Education Center. Consultato marzo 3. https://www.leventhalmap.org/.
36. Brenna, Brita. 2011. «Clergymen Abiding in the Fields: The Making of the Naturalist Observer in Eighteenth-Century Norwegian Natural History». Science in Context 24 (2): 143–66. DOI: 10.1017/S0269889711000044
37. Brown, Azby, Pieter Franken, Sean Bonner, Nick Dolezal, e Joe Moross. 2016. «Safecast: successful citizen-science for radiation measurement and communication after Fukushima». Journal of Radiological Protection 36: S82–101. DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/2/S82
38. Brugha, Ruairí, e Zsuzsa Varvasovszky. 2000. «Stakeholder analysis: a review». Health Policy and Planning 15 (3): 239–46. DOI: 10.1093/heapol/15.3.239
39. Bruyere, Brett, e Silas Rappe. 2007. «Identifying the motivations of environmental volunteers». Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 50 (4): 503–16. DOI: 10.1080/09640560701402034
40. Buanes, Arild, Svein Jentoft, Anita Maurstad, Siri U. Søreng, e Geir Runar Karlsen. 2005. «Stakeholder participation in Norwegian coastal zone planning». Ocean and Coastal Management 48 (9–10): 658–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.05.005
41. Budhathoki, Nama R. 2010. «Participants’ motivations to contribute geographic information in an online community». PhD Dissertation, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/17032.
42. Budhathoki, Nama R., e Caroline Haythornthwaite. 2013. «Motivation for Open Collaboration: Crowd and Community Models and the Case of OpenStreetMap». American Behavioral Scientist 57 (5): 548–75. DOI: 10.1177/0002764212469364
43. Buone pratiche di settore. 2025. Odour Observatory. Consultato febbraio 12. https://odourobservatory.org/it/best-practices-industries/.
44. Burke, J., D. Estrin, M. Hansen, A. Parker, N. Ramanathan, S. Reddy, e M.B. Srivastava. 2006. Participatory sensing. Boulder, Colorado, USA: WSW’06 at SenSys ’06. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/19h777qd.
45. Butkevičienė, Eglė, Artemis Skarlatidou, Bálint Balázs, Barbora Duží, Luciano Massetti, Ioannis Tsampoulatidis, e Loreta Tauginienė. 2021. «Citizen Science Case Studies and Their Impacts on Social Innovation». In The Science of Citizen Science, a cura di K. Vohland, A. Land-Zandstra, L. Ceccaroni, R. Lemmens, J. Perelló, M. Ponti, R. Samson, e K. Wagenknecht, 309–29. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_16
46. Can citizen science drive social change? 2024. RO Research Outreach. https://researchoutreach.org/articles/citizen-science-drive-social-change/.
47. Capineri, Cristina, e Antonella Rondinone. 2011. «Geografie (in)volontarie». Rivista geografica italiana 118 (3): 555–73.
48. Capineri, Cristina, Haosheng Huang, e Georg Gartner. 2018. «Tracking emotions in urban space. Two experiments in Vienna and Siena». Rivista Geografica Italiana 125 (3): 273–88. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Tracking-emotions-in-urban-space.-Two-experiments-Capineri-Huang/b85645072d1d994d7f7c23f5e69565713c481e0e.
49. Capineri, Cristina. 2016. «The Nature of Volunteered Geographic Information». In European Handbook of Crowdsourced Geographic Information, a cura di Cristina Capineri, Muki Haklay, Haosheng Huang, Vyron Antoniou, Juhani Kettunen, Frank Ostermann, e Ross Purves, 15–33. London: Ubiquity Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3t5r09.
50. Capineri, Cristina. 2023. «Public geography e citizen science: pratiche di partecipazione per la ricerca-azione». Annali del Dipartimento di metodi e modelli per l’economia, il territorio e la finanza 24. DOI: 10.13133/2611-6634/1538
51. Cappa, Francesco, Stefano Franco, e Federica Rosso. 2021. «Citizens and cities: Leveraging citizen science and big data for sustainable urban development». Business Strategy and the Environment 31 (2): 648–67. DOI: 10.1002/bse.2942
52. Carayannis, Elias G., e David F. Campbell. 2021. «Democracy of Climate and Climate for Democracy: the Evolution of Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Innovation Systems». Journal of the Knowledge Economy 12: 2050–82. DOI: 10.1007/s13132-021-00778-x
53. Carayannis, Elias G., e David F. J. Campbell. 2010. «Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix and Quintuple Helix and how do knowledge, innovation, and the environment relate to each other? A proposed framework for a trans-disciplinary analysis of sustainable development and social ecology». International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 1: 41–69. DOI: 10.4018/jsesd.2010010105
54. Carayannis, Elias G., e David F.J. Campbell. 2009. «‘Mode 3’ and ‘Quadruple Helix’: toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem». International Journal of Technology Management 46 (3/4): 201–34. DOI: 10.1504/IJTM.2009.023374
55. Carayannis, Elias G., e Jeffrey M. Alexander. 2006. Global and local knowledge: Glocal transatlantic public-private partnerships for research and technological development. Palgrave macmillan.
56. Carayannis, Elias G., Thorsten D. Barth, e David F. Campbell. 2012. «The Quintuple Helix innovation model: global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation». Journal of innovation and entrepreneurship 1 (2). DOI: 10.1186/2192-5372-1-2
57. Carvalho, Luís. 2015. «Smart cities from scratch? A socio-technical perspective». Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 8 (1): 43–60. DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsu010
58. Castells, Manuel. 2008. Communication power. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
59. Causer, Tim, e Valerie Wallace. 2012. «Building a Volunteer Community: Results and Findings from Transcribe Bentham». Digital Humanities Quarterly 6 (2). https://dhq-static.digitalhumanities.org/pdf/000125.pdf.
60. Cavalier, Darlene, Caren Cooper, e Catherine Hoffman. 2020. The Field Guide to Citizen Science: How You Can Contribute to Scientific Research e Make a Difference. Portland: Timber Press.
61. Ceccaroni, Luigi, Anne Bowser, e Peter Brenton. 2017. «Civic Education and Citizen Science: Definitions, Categories, Knowledge Representation». In Analyzing the Role of Citizen Science in Modern Research, a cura di L. Ceccaroni e J. Piera, 1–23. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0962-2.ch001
62. Certomà, Chiara, Corsini, Filippo, Rizzi, Francesco. 2015. «Crowdsourcing urban sustainability. Data, people and technologies in participatory governance». Futures 74: 93–106.
63. Chapman, Arthur D. 2005. «Principles and Methods of Data Cleaning: Primary Species and Species-Occurrence Data, version 1.0». Report for the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Copenhagen. https://www.gbif.org/document/80528.
64. Chiaravalloti, Rafael Morais, Artemis Skarlatidou, Simon Hoyte, Marcos Moreu Badia, Muki Haklay, e Jerome Lewis. 2021. «Extreme citizen science: Lessons learned from initiatives around the globe». Conservation, Science and Practice 4 (2): e577. DOI: 10.1111/csp2.577
65. Chilvers, Jason, e Matthew Kearnes, a c. di. 2016. Remaking Participation: Science, environment and emergent publics. London: Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Remaking-Participation-Science-Environment-and-Emergent-Publics/Chilvers-Kearnes/p/book/9780415857406?srsltid=AfmBOor29Ztcy4mbl8VPh6fjr52u_0_dqRKsFLktMF4qVcIUXxOmWGhq.
66. Chirkin, Artem, e Reinhard König. 2016. «Concept of Interactive Machine Learning in Urban Design Problems». In Proceedings of the SEACHI 2016 on Smart Cities for Better Living with HCI and UX. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Concept-of-Interactive-Machine-Learning-in-Urban-Chirkin-K%C3%B6nig/0ecbd6b95b0415f3fbe1ebf6ac17c988038d599d.
67. Citizen Mapping. 2025. Map Kibera. Consultato febbraio 8. https://www.mapkibera.org/.
68. Citizen Science for Rivers. 2025. CS4RIVERS. Consultato febbraio 12. https://www.cs4rivers.unisi.it/.
69. Citizen Science in Asia. 2024. Citizen Science Asia. Consultato ottobre 3. https://citizenscience.asia/.
70. Citizen Science in Austrialia. 2024. Australian Citizen Science Association. Consultato ottobre 3. https://citizenscience.org.au/.
71. Citizen Science Reveals Annual Bird Migrations Across Continents. 2016. eBird. https://ebird.org/news/lasortemap/.
72. CitSci Africa Association. 2024. CitSAf. Consultato ottobre 3. https://www.usiu.ac.ke/citsci-africa-association.
73. CitSciStarter. 2024 Citizen Science.Consultato ottobre 3. https://scistarter.com/just-add-citizen-science.
74. Claridge, Tristan. 2004. «Social capital and natural resource management». Master Dissertation, Australia: University of Queensland. https://www.socialcapitalresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Social-Capital-and-NRM.pdf.
75. Clary, E. Gil, e Mark Snyder. 1999. «The Motivations to Volunteer: Theoretical and Practical Considerations». Current Directions in Psychological Science 8 (5): 156–59. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8721.00037
76. Clausen, Lauge P.W., Oliver F.H. Hansen, Nikoline B. Oturai, Kristian Syberg, e Steffen F. Hansen. 2020. «Stakeholder analysis with regard to a recent European restriction proposal on microplastics». PLoS One 15 (6): e0235062. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235062
77. Claval, Paul. 1974. «La géographie et la perception de l’espace». L’Espace géographique 3 (3): 179–87. https://www.persee.fr/doc/spgeo_0046-2497_1974_num_3_3_1479.
78. CoActuem per la Salut Mental. 2025. Universitat de Barcelona. Consultato febbraio 12. https://web.ub.edu/en/web/ciencia-ciutadana/coactuem-per-la-salut-mental.
79. Cocozap. Data-Labe. 2025. Data-Labe. Consultato febbraio 12. https://datalabe.org/cocozap/.
80. CODATA-WDS TG on Citizen-Generated Data for the SDGs. 2025. CODATA. Consultato febbraio 12. https://codata.org/initiatives/task-groups/citizen-science-for-the-sustainable-development-goals/.
81. Cohn, Jeffrey P. 2008. «Citizen Science: Can Volunteers Do Real Research?» BioScience 58 (3): 192–97. DOI: 10.1641/B580303
82. Coleman, David J., Yola Georgiadou, e Jeff Labonte. 2009. «Volunteered Geographic Information: The Nature and Motivation of Produsers». International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research 6: 332–58. DOI: 10.2902/1725-0463.2009.04.art16
83. Conrad, Cathy C., e Krista G. Hilchey. 2011. «A review of citizen science and community-based environmental monitoring: issues and opportunities». Environmental monitoring and assessment 176: 273–91. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1582-5
84. Conservation Action through Birds. 2025. Audubon. Consultato febbraio 7. https://www.audubon.org/.
85. Cooke, Wells W. 1915. «Bird Migration in the Mackenzie Valley». The Auk 32 (4): 442–59. DOI: 10.2307/4072585
86. Cooper, Caren B., e Bruce V. Lewenstein. 2016. «Two meanings of citizen science». In The rightful place of science: Citizen science, a cura di D. Cavalier e E.B. Kennedy, 1st ed., 51–62. Tempe, AZ: Consortium for Science,Policy & Outcomes.
87. Cooper, Caren B., e Jennifer A. Smith. 2010. «Gender Patterns in Bird-related Recreation in the USA and UK». Ecology and Society 15 (4): 4. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26268198.
88. Cooper, Caren B., Janis Dickinson, Tina Phillips, e Rick Bonney. 2007. «Citizen Science as a Tool for Conservation in Residential Ecosystems». Ecology and Society 12 (2). http://www.jstor.org/stable/26267884.
89. Cooper, Caren B., Jennifer Shirk, e Benjamin Zuckenberg. 2014. «The Invisible Prevalence of Citizen Science in Global Research: Migratory Birds and Climate Change». PloS one 9 (9): e106508. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106508.
90. Corburn, Jason. 2005. Street Science: Community Knowledge and Environmental Health Justice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
91. Crain, Rhiannon, Caren Cooper, e Janis L. Dickinson. 2014. «Citizen Science: A Tool for Integrating Studies of Human and Natural Systems». Annual Review of Environment and Resources 39: 641–65. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-environ-030713-154609.
92. Crall, Alycia W., Rebecca Jordan, Kirstin Holfelder, Gregory J. Newman, Jim Graham, e Donald M. Waller. 2013. «The impacts of an invasive species citizen science training program on participant attitudes, behavior, and science literacy». Public Understanding of Science 22 (6): 745–64. DOI: 10.1177/0963662511434894
93. Crang, M. 1996. «Envisioning Urban Histories: Bristol as Palimpsest, Postcards, and Snapshots». Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 28 (3): 429–52. DOI: 10.1068/a280429
94. Creating positive change for wildlife. 2025. ZSL. Consultato febbraio 12. https://www.zsl.org/.
95. Cristina Capineri, Muki Haklay, Haosheng Huang, Vyron Antoniou, Juhani Kettunen, Frank Ostermann, e Ross Purves (eds). 2016), European Handbook of Crowdsourced Geographic Information. London: Ubiquity Press. DOI: 10.5334/bax
96. Cronje, Ruth, Spencer Rohlinger, Alycia Crall, e Greg Newman. 2011. «Does Participation in Citizen Science Improve Scientific Literacy? A Study to Compare Assessment Methods». Applied Environmental Education & Communication 10 (3): 135–45. DOI: 10.1080/1533015X.2011.603611
97. Cuppen, Eefje. 2012. «Diversity and constructive conflict in stakeholder dialogue: considerations for design and methods». Policy Science 45 (1): 23–46. DOI: 10.1007/s11077-011-9141-7
98. Curry, Michael R. 1997. «The Digital Individual and the Private Realm». Annals of the Association of American Geographers 87 (4): 681–99. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2564405.
99. Curtis, Vickie. 2015. «Online Citizen Science Projects: An Exploration of Motivation, Contribution and Participation». PhD. Dissertation, Milton Keynes, UK: The Open University. DOI: 10.21954/ou.ro.0000a4ff
100. Curtis, Vickie. 2018. «Patterns of Participation and Motivation in Folding@home: The Contribution of Hardware Enthusiasts and Overclockers». Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 3 (1): 5. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.109
101. Dalby, Oliver, Isadora Sinha, Richard K.F. Unsworth, Len J. McKenzie, Benjamin L. Jones, e Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth. 2021. «Citizen Science Driven Big Data Collection Requires Improved and Inclusive Societal Engagement». Frontiers in Marine Science 8. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.610397
102. Danielsen, Finn, Karin Pirhofer-Walzl, Teis P. Adrian, Daniel R. Kapijimpanga, Neil D. Burgess, Per M. Jensen, Rick Bonney, et al. 2014. «Linking Public Participation in Scientific Research to the Indicators and Needs of International Environmental Agreements». Conservation Letters 7 (1): 12–24. DOI: 10.1111/conl.12024
103. Danielsen, Finn, Neil D. Burgess, Andrew Balmford, Paul F. Donald, Mikkel Funder, Julia P.G. Jones, Philip Alviola, et al. 2009. «Local Participation in Natural Resource Monitoring: A Characterization of Approaches». Conservation Biology 23 (1): 31–42. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01063.x
104. De Kerckhove, Derrick. 2014. «Connected Intelligence for the Civil Society: the Internet as a social limbic system». Spanda Journal 5 (2).
105. De Marchi, Massimo, e Alberto Diantini. 2022. «Participatory geographic information science: disclosing the power of geographical tools and knowledge in agroecological transition». In Drones and Geographical Information Technologies in Agroecology and Organic Farming, a cura di Massimo De Marchi, Alberto Diantini, e S. Eugenio Pappalardo, 1st ed., 25–44. Boca Raton: CRC Press. DOI: 10.1201/9780429052842
106. Deal, Stephen. 2021. «City Planning for Birds». Water Log 41 (2): 13–15. https://masglp.olemiss.edu/waterlog/pdf/jun21/wl41.2_article4.pdf.
107. Deci, Edward L., e Richard M. Ryan. 1985. «Conceptualizations of Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination. In: Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior». In Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Perspectives in Social Psychology, 11–40. Boston, MA: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7_2
108. Deci, Edward L., e Richard M. Ryan. 2008. «Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains». Canadian psychology/Psychologie canadienne 49 (1): 14–23. DOI: 10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.14
109. Deci, Edward L., Richard M. Ryan, e Richard Koestner. 2001. «The Pervasive Negative Effects of Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation: Response to Cameron (2001).» Review of Educational Research 71 (1): 43–51. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3516066.
110. Decidim is a digital platform for citizen participation. 2025. Decidim. Consultato febbraio 12. https://decidim.org/.
111. Devices. 2025. Safecast. Consultato febbraio 6. https://safecast.org/devices/#.
112. Devictor, Vincent, Robert J. Whittaker, e Coralie Beltrame. 2010. «Beyond scarcity: citizen science programmes as useful tools for conservation biogeography». Diversity and Distributions 16 (3): 354–62. DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00615.x
113. Devillers, R., Y. Bédard, R. Jeansoulin, e B. Moulin. 2007. «Towards Spatial Data Quality Information Analysis Tools for Experts Assessing the Fitness for Use of Spatial Data». International Journal of Geographical Information Science 21 (3): 261–82. DOI: 10.1080/13658810600911879
114. Dhillon, Carla May. 2017. «Using Citizen Science in Environmental Justice: Participation and Decision-Making in a Southern California Waste Facility Siting Conflict». Local Environment 22 (12): 1479–96. DOI: 10.1080/13549839.2017.1360263
115. Dickinson, Janis L., Benjamin Zuckenberg, e David N. Bonter. 2010. «Citizen Science as an Ecological Research Tool: Challenges and Benefits». Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 41: 149–72. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144636
116. Dickinson, Janis L., Jennifer Shirk, David Bonter, Rick Bonney, Rhiannon L. Crain, Jason Martin, Tina Phillips, e Karen Purcell. 2012. «The current state of citizen science as a tool for ecological research and public engagement». Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10 (6): 291–97. DOI: 10.1890/110236
117. Distributed Network for Odour Sensing Empowerment and Sustainability. 2025. D-Noises. Consultato febbraio 12. https://dnoses.eu/.
118. Documenti elaborati dalla Commissione per l’Etica e l’Integrità nella Ricerca del Cnr. 2025. CNR. Consultato febbraio 6. https://www.cnr.it/it/documenti-commissione.
119. Domroese, Margret C., e Elizabeth A. Johnson. 2017. «Why watch bees? Motivations of citizen science volunteers in the Great Pollinator Project». Biological Conservation 208: 40–47. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.08.020
120. Dunn, Erica H., Charles M. Francis, Peter J. Blancher, Susan Roney Drennan, Marshall A. Howe, Denis Lepage, Chandler S. Robbins, Kenneth V. Rosenberg, John R. Sauer, e Kimberly G. Smith. 2005. «Enhancing the Scientific Value of the Christmas Bird Count». The Auk 122 (1): 338–46. DOI: 10.1093/auk/122.1.338
121. eBird scienza. 2025. eBird. Consultato febbraio 7. https://science.ebird.org/it.
122. EC (European Commission). 2014. «Green Paper on Citizen Science for Europe: Towards a Society of Empowered Citizens and Enhanced Research». Brussels: Report of the Socientize Project to the European Commission. http://socientize.eu/sites/default/files/Green%20Paper%20on%20Citizen%20Science%202013.pdf.
123. EC (European Commission). 2015. «Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Open innovation, open science, open to the world – A vision for Europe». Publications Office. DOI: 10.2777/061652
124. EC (European Commission). 2020. «Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Mendez, E. and Lawrence, R., Progress on open science – Towards a shared research knowledge system – Final report of the open science policy platform, Lawrence, R. (editor)». Publications Office. DOI: 10.2777/00139
125. ECSA (European Citizen Science Association). 2015. Ten Principles of Citizen Science. Berlin. DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/XPR2N
126. ECSA. 2024. About ECSA. 2024. Consultato ottobre 3. https://www.ecsa.ngo/.
127. Edwards, Richard, Sarah Kirn, Thomas Hillman, Laure Kloetzer, Kathrine Mathieson, Diarmuid McDonnell, e Tina Phillips. 2018. «Learning and developing science capital through citizen science». In Citizen Science - Innovation in Open Science, Society and Policy, a cura di S. Hecker, M. Haklay, A. Bowser, Z. Makuch, J. Vogel, e A. Bonn, 381–90. London: UCL Press. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10066342/.
128. Eitzel, M.V., Jessica L. Cappadonna, Chris Santos-Lang, Ruth Ellen Duer, Sarah Elisabeth West, Arika Virapongse, Christopher Conrad, et al. 2017. «Citizen Science Terminology Matters: Exploring Key Terms». Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 2 (1): 1–20. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.96
129. Elwood, Sarah, Michael F. Goodchild, e Daniel Z. Sui. 2011. «Researching Volunteered Geographic Information: Spatial Data, Geographic Research, and New Social Practice». Annals of the Association of American Geographers 102 (3): 571–90. DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2011.595657
130. Elwood, Sarah. 2008. «Volunteered geographic information: key questions, concepts and methods to guide emerging research and practice». GeoJournal 72 (3/4): 133–35. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41220563.
131. Engler, Robin, Antoine Guisan, e Luca Rechsteiner. 2004. «An improved approach for predicting the distribution of rare and endangered species from occurrence and pseudo-absence data». Journal of Applied Ecology 41 (2): 263–74. DOI: 10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00881.x
132. Epicollect. 2025. Epicollect5. Consultato febbraio 6. https://five.epicollect.net/.
133. Etzkowitz, Henry, e Loet Leydesdorff. 1995. «The triple helix–university–industry–government relations: a laboratory for knowledge-based economic development». EASST Review 14 (1): 14–19. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2480085.
134. EU. 2007. «Direttiva 2007/2/CE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 14 marzo 2007 , che istituisce un’Infrastruttura per l’informazione territoriale nella Comunità europea (Inspire)». European Commission. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2007/2/oj.
135. European Citizen Science Association. 2025. Ecsa. Consultato febbraio 7. https://www.ecsa.ngo/.
136. Evans, James, Ross Jones, Andrew Karvonen, Lucy Millard, e Jana Wendler. 2015. «Living labs and co-production: university campuses as platforms for sustainability science». Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 16: 1–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2015.06.005
137. Explore our data. 2025. Fresh Water Watch. Consultato febbraio 8. https://www.freshwaterwatch.org/pages/explore-our-data.
138. Extreme Citizen Science (ExCiteS). 2025. ExCites. Consultato febbraio 12. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/geography/research/research-centres/extreme-citizen-science-excites.
139. Fan, Fa-ti, e Shun-Ling Chen. 2019. «Citizen, Science, and Citizen Science». East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal 13 (2): 181–93. DOI: 10.1215/18752160-7542643
140. Figueiredo Do Nascimento, Susanna, Jose Miguel Rubio-Iglesias, Roger Owen, Sven Schade, e Lea Shanley. 2018. «Citizen science for policy formulation and implementation». In Citizen Science – Innovation in Open Science, Society and Policy, a cura di Susanne Hecker, Muki Haklay, Anna Bowser, Zen Makuch, Johannes Vogel, e Aletta Bonn, 219–40. London: UCL Press. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC103892.
141. Fishbein, Martin, e Ajzen Icek. 1975. Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wiley Publishing Company.
142. Follett, Ria, e Vladimir Strezov. 2015. «An Analysis of Citizen Science Based Research: Usage and Publication Patterns». PLoS ONE 10 (11): e0143687. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143687
143. Fore, Leska S., Kit Paulsan, e Kate O’Laughlin. 2001. «Assessing the performance of volunteers in monitoring streams». Freshwater Biology 46 (1): 109–23. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2001.00640.x
144. Fortson, Lucy, Kevin Crowston, Laure Kloetzer, e Marisa Ponti. 2024. «Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Citizen Science». Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 9 (1): 32. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.812
145. Fraisl, Dilek, Jillian Campbell, Linda See, Uta Wehn, Jessica Wardlaw, Margaret Gold, Inian Moorthy, et al. 2020. «Mapping citizen science contributions to the UN sustainable development goals». Sustainability Science 15: 1735–51. DOI: 10.1007/s11625-020-00833-7
146. Fraisl, Dilek, Linda See, Diana Estevez, Nola Tomaska, e Steve MacFeely. 2023b. «Citizen science for monitoring the health and well-being related Sustainable Development Goals and the World Health Organization’s Triple Billion Targets». Frontiers in Public Health 11. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1202188
147. Fraisl, Dilek, Linda See, Jillian Campbell, Finn Danielsen, e Herizo T. Andrianandrasana. 2023a. «The Contributions of Citizen Science to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and Other International Agreements and Frameworks». Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 8 (1): 1–6. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.643
148. Fraisl, Dilek, Linda See, Rachel Bowers, Omar Seidu, Kwame Boakye Fredua, Anna Bowser, Metis Meloche, et al. 2023b. «The contributions of citizen science to SDG monitoring and reporting on marine plastics». Sustainability Science 18: 2629–47. DOI: 10.1007/s11625-023-01402-4
149. Freeman, R. Edward. 1984. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.
150. Freitag, Amy, Ryan Meyer, e Liz Whiteman. 2016. «Strategies Employed by Citizen Science Programs to Increase the Credibility of Their Data». Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 1 (1): 2. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.6
151. Friedman, Andrew L., e Samantha Miles. 2006. Stakeholders: Theory and Practice. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
152. Fritz, Steffen, Linda See, Tyler Carlson, Mordechai (Muki) Haklay, Jessie L. Oliver, Dilek Fraisl, Rosy Mondardini, et al. 2019. «Citizen science and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals». Nature Sustainability 2: 922–30. DOI: 10.1038/s41893-019-0390-3
153. Galaxy Zoo. 2025. Zooniverse. Consultato febbraio 8. https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/zookeeper/galaxy-zoo/.
154. García, Francesca Sanz, Maite Pelacho, Tim Woods, Dilek Fraisl, Linda See, Mordechai (Muki) Haklay, e Rosa Arias. 2021. «Finding What You Need: A Guide to Citizen Science Guidelines». In The Science of Citizen Science, a cura di K. Vohland, A. Land-Zandstra, L. Ceccaroni, R. Lemmens, J. Perelló, M. Ponti, R. Samson, e K. Wagenknecht, 419–39. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_21
155. Garrison, Helen, Marta Agostinho, Laura Alvarez, Sofie Bekaert, Luiza Bengtsson, Elisabetta Broglio, e Digna Couso. 2021. «Involving society in science: Reflections on meaningful and impactful stakeholder engagement in fundamental research». EMBO reports 22 (11): e54000. DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154000
156. General Data Protection Regulation GDPR. 2016. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679.
157. Geoghegan, Hilary, Alison Dyke, Rachel M. Pateman, e Sarah E. West. 2016. «Understanding motivations for citizen science». Commissioned report. UK Environmental Observation Framework, UKEOF. https://pure.york.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/understanding-motivations-for-citizen-science.
158. Göbel, Caludia, Victoria Y. Martin, e Mónica Ramírez-Andreotta. 2017. Stakeholder Analysis: International Citizen Science Stakeholder Analysis on Data Interoperability. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/stakeholder_analysis.pdf.
159. Göbel, Caludia. 2017. «Manual for stakeholder mapping workshop». Manual for COST Action CA15212. London. https://zenodo.org/records/2654992.
160. Goodchild, Michael F. 2007. «Citizens as sensors: the world of volunteered geography». GeoJournal 69: 211–21. DOI: 10.1007/s10708-007-9111-y
161. Goodchild, Michael F., e Linna Li. 2012. «Assuring the quality of volunteered geographic information». Spatial Statistics 1: 110–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.spasta.2012.03.002
162. Graham, Mark, Berny Hogan, Ralph Straumann, e Ahmed Medhat. 2014. «Uneven Geographies of User-Generated Information: Patterns of Increasing Informational Poverty». Annals of the Association of American Geographers 104 (4): 746–64. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2382617.
163. Graham, Mark, Matthew Zook, e Andrew Boulton. 2013. «Augmented Reality in Urban Places: Contested Content and the Duplicity of Code». Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 38 (3): 464–79. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24582460.
164. Graham, Mark. 2010. «Neogeography and the palimpsests of place: web 2.0 and the construction of a virtual earth». Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 101 (4): 422–36. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9663.2009.00563.x
165. Grey, François. 2009. «The age of citizen cyberscience». CERN Courier. https://cerncourier.com/a/viewpoint-the-age-of-citizen-cyberscience/.
166. Guerrini, Christi J., Mary A. Majumder, Meaganne J. Lewellyn, e Amy L. McGuire. 2018. «Citizen science, public policy. New research models may benefit from policy modifications». Science 361 (6398): 134–36. DOI: 10.1126/science.aar8379
167. Hagen, Erica. 2010. «Putting Nairobi’s Slums on the Map». Development Outreach 12 (1). https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6072.
168. Hagen, Erica. 2017. «Open mapping from the ground up: learning from Map Kibera». Making All Voices Count Research Report. Brighton: IDS. https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/articles/report/Open_mapping_from_the_ground_up_learning_from_Map_Kibera/26473321?file=48247630.
169. Haiying, Liu, e Mike Kobernus. 2017. «Citizen Science and Its Role in Sustainable Development: Status, Trends, Issues, and Opportunities». In Analyzing the Role of Citizen Science in Modern Research, a cura di L. Ceccaroni e J. Piera, 147–67. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0962-2
170. Haklay, Muki, Alex Singleton, e Chris Parker. 2008. «Web Mapping 2.0: The Neogeography of the GeoWeb». Geography Compass 2 (6): 2011–39. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-8198.2008.00167.x
171. Haklay, Muki, Alice Motion, Balazs Balint, Barbara Kieslinger, Bastian Greshake Tzovaras, Christian Nold, Daniel Dörler, et al. 2020. «ECSA’s Characteristics of Citizen Science: Explanation Notes». European Citizen Science Association (ECSA). DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3758554
172. Haklay, Muki, Daniel Dörler, Florian Heigl, Marina Manzoni, Susanne Hecker, e Katrin Vohland. 2021. «What Is Citizen Science? The Challenges of Definition». In The Science of Citizen Science, a cura di Katrin Vohlan, Anne Land-Zandstra, Luigi Ceccaroni, Rob Lemmens, Josep Perelló, Marisa Ponti, Roeland Samson, e Katherin Wagenknecht, 13–33. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_2
173. Haklay, Muki. 2013a. «Citizen Science and Volunteered Geographic Information: Overview and Typology of Participation». In Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge: Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in Theory and Practice, a cura di D. Sui, S. Elwood, e M. Goodchild, 105–22. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4587-2_7
174. Haklay, Muki. 2013b. «Neogeography and the delusion of democratisation». Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 45 (1): 55–69. DOI: 10.1068/a45184
175. Haklay, Muki. 2015. Citizen Science and Policy: A European Perspective. Case study series 4. Washington, DC, USA: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1478414/.
176. Haklay, Muki. 2016. «Why is participation inequality important?» In European Handbook of Crowdsourced Geographic Information, a cura di C. Capineri, M. Haklay, H. Huang, V. Antoniou, J. Kettunen, F. Ostermann, e R. Purves, 35–44. London: Ubiquity Press. DOI: 10.5334/bax.c
177. Haklay, Muki. 2018. «Participatory Citizen Science». In Citizen Science. Innovation in Open Science, Society and Policy, a cura di S. Hecker, M. Haklay, A. Bowser, Z. Makuch, J. Vogel, e A. Bonn. London: UCL Press. https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/28178.
178. Hamra Neighborhood Profile. 2025. Protocol Lebanon. Consultato febbraio 12. https://www.relief-centre.org/hamra-neighbourhood-profile.
179. Hardisty, Alex, Dave Roberts, e The Biodiversity Informatics Community. 2013. «A decadal view of biodiversity informatics: challenges and priorities». BMC Ecology 13 (16). DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-13-16
180. Hardy, Darren, James Frew, e Michael F. Goodchild. 2012. «Volunteered Geographic Information Production as a Spatial Process». International Journal of Geographical Information Science 26 (7): 1191–1212. DOI: 10.1080/13658816.2011.629618
181. Harvey, Francis. 2013. «To Volunteer or to Contribute Locational Information? Towards Truth in Labeling for Crowdsourced Geographic Information». In Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge, a cura di D. Sui, S. Elwood, e M. Goodchild. Dordrecht: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4587-2_3
182. Hayhow, D.B., M.A. Eaton, A.J. Stanbury, F. Burns, W.B. Kirby, N. Bailey, B. Beckmann, et al. 2019. «State of Nature 2019». Publication - Report. Biodiversity (Science Area 2017-). NERC-State of Nature Partnerships. https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/525772.
183. Hecker, Susanne, Muki Haklay, Anne Bowser, Zen Makuch, Johannes Vogel, e Aletta Bonn, a c. di. 2018. Citizen Science: Innovation in Open Science, Society and Policy. London: UCL Press. DOI: 10.14324/111.9781787352339
184. Hecker, Susanne, Rick Bonney, Muki Haklay, Franz Hölker, Heribert Hofer, Claudia Goebel, Margaret Gold, Zen Makuch, Marisa Ponti, e Anett Richter. 2018. «Innovation in Citizen Science – Perspectives on Science-Policy Advances». Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 3 (1): 4. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.114
185. Hennig, Sabine, Fritz Zobl, e Wolfgang W. Wasserburger. 2017. «Accessible Web Maps for Visually Impaired Users: Recommendations and Example Solutions». Cartographic Perspectives, fasc. 88. DOI: 10.14714/CP88.1391
186. Hill, William C., James D. Hollan, Dave Wroblewski, e Tim McCandless. 1992. «Edit wear and read wear». In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in Computing Systems, 3–9. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. DOI: 10.1145/142750.142751
187. Hollands, Robert G. 2008. «Will the Real Smart City Please Stand up? Intelligent, Progressive or Entrepreneurial?» City 12 (3): 303–20. DOI: 10.1080/13604810802479126
188. Hollenstein, Livia, e Ross Purves. 2010. «Exploring place through user-generated content: Using Flickr tags to describe city cores». Journal of Spatial Information Science 1: 21–48. https://josis.org/index.php/josis/article/view/3.
189. Howe, Jeff. 2008. Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd IsDriving the Future of Business. New York: Crown Currency.
190. Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team. 2025. «Open Mapping Hub - Eastern and Southern Africa». https://www.hotosm.org/hubs/open-mapping-hub-eastern-and-southern-africa
191. Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team. 2025. HOT. Consultato febbraio 8. https://www.hotosm.org/.
192. Hush City Lab. 2024. Hush City. Consultato dicembre 31. https://opensourcesoundscapes.org/hush-city/.
193. Hussey, David E. 2000. How to Manage Organisational Change. London: Kogan Page Publishers.
194. Huzzard, Tony. 2020. «Achieving Impact: Exploring the Challenge of Stakeholder Engagement». European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 30 (3): 379–89. DOI: 10.1080/1359432X.2020.1761875
195. Ibercivis. 2024 Citizen Science. Consultato ottobre 3. https://ibercivis.es/en/home-english/.
196. iNaturalist. 2025. iNaturalist. Consultato febbraio 2. www.inaturalist.org.
197. Irwin, Alan, e Maja Horst. 2015. «Engaging in a Decentred World.” In Remaking Participation». In Remaking Participation. Science, Environment and Emergent Publics, a cura di J. Chilvers e M. Kearns. London: Routledge.
198. Irwin, Alan. 1995. Citizen Science. A Study of People, Expertise and Sustainable Development. London: Routledge.
199. ISO Standards. 2025. ISO. Consultato febbraio 7. https://www.iso.org/standard/26018.html.
200. Jennet, Charlene, Laure Kloatzer, Daniel Schneider, Ioanna Iacovides, Anna Cox, Margaret Gold, Brian Fuchs, et al. 2016. «Motivations, learning and creativity in online citizen science». Journal of Science Communication 15 (3): A05. DOI: 10.22323/2.15030205
201. Jessop, Bob. 2008. «The rise of governance and the risks of failure: the case of economic development». International Social Science Journal 50 (155): 29–45. DOI: 10.1111/1468-2451.00107
202. Jiang, Bian, e Jean-Claude Thill. 2015. «Volunteered Geographic Information: Towards the establishment of a new paradigm». Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 53: 1–3. DOI: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2015.09.011
203. Kerson, R. 1989. «Lab for the Environment». Technology Review 92 (1): 11–12.
204. Kirschke, Sabrina, Christy Benneth, Armin Bigham Ghazani, Christian Franke, Dieter Kirschke, Yeungju Lee, Seyed Taha Longhmani Khouzani, e Shuvojit Nath. 2022. «Citizen Science Projects in Freshwater Monitoring. From Individual Design to Clusters?» Journal of Environmental Management 309: 114714. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114714
205. Kitchin, Rob. 2013. «Big data and human geography: Opportunities, challenges and risks». Dialogues in Human Geography 3 (3): 262–67. DOI: 10.1177/2043820613513388
206. Kitchin, Rob. 2014a. «Big Data, new epistemologies and paradigm shifts». Big Data & Society 1 (1). DOI: 10.1177/2053951714528481
207. Kitchin, Rob. 2014b. «The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism». GeoJournal 79: 1–14. DOI: 10.1007/s10708-013-9516-8
208. Kitchin, Rob. 2021. The Data Revolution: A critical analysis of big data, open data and data infrastructures. Sage Publications.
209. Klein, Julie Thompson. 2004. «Prospects for transdisciplinarity». Futures 36 (4): 515–26. DOI: 10.1016/j.futures.2003.10.007
210. Klettner, Silvia, Haoshheng Huang, Manuela Schmidt, e Georg Gartner. 2013. «Crowdsourcing Affective Responses to Space». KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 63: 66–73. DOI: 10.1007/BF03546096
211. Knapp, Corrine Nöel, Robin S. Reid, María E. Fernández-Giménez, Julia A. Klein, e Kathleen A. Galvin. 2019. «Placing Transdisciplinarity in Context: A Review of Approaches to Connect Scholars, Society and Action». Sustainability 11 (18): 4899. DOI: 10.3390/su11184899
212. Koch, Tom. 2016. «Fighting disease, like fighting fires: The lessons Ebola teaches». The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 60 (3): 288–99. DOI: 10.1111/cag.12258
213. Kosmala, Margaret, Andrea Wiggins, Alexandra Swanson, e Brooke Simmons. 2016. «Assessing data quality in citizen science». Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 14 (10): 551–60. DOI: 10.1002/fee.1436
214. Kostadinova, Iva. 2011. «Citizen Science. The New Helping Hand for Scientists». Current Science 100 (7): 973–76. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24076509.
215. Kresse, Wolfgang, e Kian Fadaie. 2004. ISO Standards for Geographic Information. New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH.
216. Krumm, John, Nigel Davies, e Chandra Narayanaswami. 2008. «User-Generated Content». IEEE Pervasive Computing 7 (4): 10–11. DOI: 10.1109/MPRV.2008.85
217. Kullenberg, Christopher, e Dick Kasperowski. 2016. «What Is Citizen Science?–A Scientometric Meta-Analysis». PLoS ONE 11 (1): e0147152. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147152
218. La Sorte, Frank A., Daniel Fink, Wesley M. Hochachka, e Steve Kelling. 2016. «Convergence of broad-scale migration strategies in terrestrial birds». Proceedings. Biological sciences 283 (1823): 20152588. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2588
219. Land-Zandstra, Anne M., Jeroen L. A. Devilee, Frans Snik, Franka Buurmeijer, e Jos M. van den Broek. 2016. «Citizen science on a smartphone: Participants’ motivations and learning». Public Understanding of Science 25 (1): 45–60. DOI: 10.1177/0963662515602406
220. Laney, Doug. 2001. «3D Data Management: Controlling Data Volume, Velocity and Variety». Stamford, CT: META Group Inc. https://diegonogare.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/3D-Data-Management-Controlling-Data-Volume-Velocity-and-Variety.pdf.
221. Latest Projects. 2025. eu Citizen Science. Consultato febbraio 7. https://eu-citizen.science/.
222. Leminen, Seppo, e Mika Westerlund. 2012. «Towards innovation in Living Labs networks». International Journal of Product Development 17 (1/2): 43–59. https://econpapers.repec.org/article/idsijpdev/v_3a17_3ay_3a2012_3ai_3a1_2f2_3ap_3a43-59.htm.
223. Leminen, Seppo, Mika Westerlund, e Anna-Greta Nyström. 2012. «Living Labs as Open-Innovation Networks». Technology Innovation Management Review 2 (9): 6–11. DOI: 10.22215/timreview/602
224. Leventon, Julia, Luuk Fleskens, Heleen Claringbould, Guldrun Schwilch, e Rudi Hessel. 2016. «An applied methodology for stakeholder identification in transdisciplinary research». Sustainability science 11 (5): 763–75. DOI: 10.1007/s11625-016-0385-1
225. Lévy, Pierre. 1994. L’intelligence collective: pour une anthropologie du cyberespace. La découverte. Tr. it. L’intelligenza collettiva. Per un’antropologia del cyberspazio. Feltrinelli.
226. Lew, Yong Kyu, Zaheer Khan, e Sara Cozzio. 2018. «Gravitating toward the quadruple helix: international connections for the enhancement of a regional innovation system in Northeast Italy». R&D Management 48 (1): 44–59. DOI: 10.1111/radm.12227
227. Lewandowski, Eva, e Hanna Specht. 2015. «Influence of volunteer and project characteristics on data quality of biological surveys». Conservation Biology 29 (3): 713–23. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12481
228. Lewenstein, Bruce V. 2004. «What Does Citizen Science Accomplish?» Paper presentato al Meeting on Citizen Science, Paris, France, giugno 8. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/68ed3b1d-fb23-4056-947d-cfdda376f175/content.
229. Lewenstein, Bruce V. 2016. «Can We Understand Citizen Science?» JCOM 15 (1). DOI: 10.22323/2.15010501
230. Linee guida per l’integrità nella ricerca. 2019. Linee Guida. https://www.cnr.it/sites/default/files/public/media/doc_istituzionali/linee-guida-integrita-nella-ricerca-cnr-commissione_etica.pdf?v=4.
231. Liu, Hai-Ying, Sohel Ahmed, Antonella Passani, e Alena Bartonova. 2023. «Understanding the role of cities and citizen science in advancing sustainable development goals across Europe: insights from European research framework projects». Frontiers in Sustainable Cities 5. DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1219768
232. Live traffic counting by citizens. 2025. Wecount. Consultato febbraio 6. https://we-count.net/.
233. Lorke, Julia, J.N. Golumbic, C. Ramjan, e O. Atias. 2019. «Training needs and recommendations for Citizen Science participants, facilitators and designers». COST Action 15212 report. https://nhm.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10141/622589/CA15212_Report_Training_needs_and_recommendations_for_CS.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1.
234. Lukyanenko, Roman, Jeffrey Parsons, e Yolanda F. Wiersma. 2016. «Emerging problems of data quality in citizen science». Conservation Biology 30 (3): 447–49. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12706
235. Lund, Kate, Paul Coulton, e Andrew Wilson. 2011. «Participation inequality in mobile location games». In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, 27. New York, NY, United States: Association for Computing Machinery. DOI: 10.1145/2071423.2071457
236. Lussault, Michel. 2007. L’homme spatial: la construction sociale de l’espace humain. Paris: Seuil.
237. Lydon, Mike, e Anthony Garcia. 2015. Tactical Urbanism. Short-term Action for Long-term Change. Washington: Island Press.
238. Lyons, Susanna Haas, Mike Walsh, Erin Aleman, e John Robinson. 2014. «Exploring regional futures: Lessons from Metropolitan Chicago’s online MetroQuest». Technological Forecasting and Social Change 82: 23–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2013.05.009
239. Márquez, Melissa C., e Ana Maria Porras. 2020. «Science Communication in Multiple Languages Is Critical to Its Effectiveness». Frontiers in Communication 5: 31. DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2020.00031
240. Mattei, Paola. 2023. Democratizing Science. The Political Roots of the Public Engagement Agenda. Bristol, UK: Bristol University Press.
241. McCaffrey, Rachel E. 2005. «Using Citizen Science in Urban Bird Studies». Urban Habitats 3 (1): 70–86. https://www.urbanhabitats.org/v03n01/citizenscience_full.html.
242. McCormick, Sabrina. 2007. «Democratizing Science Movements: A New Framework for Mobilization and Contestation». Social Studies of Science 37 (4): 609–23. DOI: 10.1177/0306312707076598
243. Mendelow, Aubrey L. 1981. «Environmental Scanning. The Impact of the Stakeholder Concept». In ICIS 1981 Proceedings, 20:407–17. h2p://aisel.aisnet.org/icis1981/20.
244. Mental Healthcare Barcelona. 2025. CoAct Citizen Social Science. Consultato febbraio 12. https://coactproject.eu/mental-health-care/.
245. Merenlender, Adina M., Alycia W. Crall, Sabrina Drill, Michelle Prysby, e Heidi Ballard. 2016. «Evaluating Environmental Education, Citizen Science, and Stewardship through Naturalist Programs». Conservation Biology 30 (6): 1255–65. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44133510.
246. Mesh, Debra J., Patrick M. Rooney, Kathryn S. Steinberg, e Brian Denton. 2006. «The Effects of Race, Gender, and Marital Status on Giving and Volunteering in Indiana». Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 35 (4): 565–87. DOI: 10.1177/0899764006288288
247. Mierlo, Trevor van. 2014. «The 1% rule in four digital health social networks: an observational study». Journal of medical Internet research 4 (16): e33. DOI: 10.2196/jmir.2966
248. Miles, Samantha. 2012. «Stakeholder: Essentially Contested or Just Confused?» Journal of business ethics 108: 285–98. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-011-1090-8
249. Miller-Rushing, Abraham, Richard Primack, e Rick Bonney. 2012. «The History of Public Participation in Ecological Research». Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10 (6): 285–90.
250. Mims, Forrest M. III. 1999. «Amateur Science—Strong Tradition, Bright Future». Science 284 (5411): 55–56.
251. Minghini, Marco, Serena Coetzee, A. Yair Grinberger, Godwin Yeboah, Levente Juhasz, e Peter Mooney. 2020. «OpenStreetMap research in the COVID-19 era». Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2020. https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2020.
252. Mintchev, Nicolay, Mariam Daher, Mayssa Jallad, Rahaf Zaher, Elisabetta Pietrostefani, Ghadir Ghamrawi, Assia Al Harrache, Amenie Majed, e Henrietta L. Moore. 2025. «Citizen Social Science for Improved Quality of Life: Research, Interventions, Evaluations». International Review of Qualitative Research 17 (4): 493–515. DOI: 10.1177/19408447241256052
253. Mitforschen. About the platform. 2024. Mitforschen. Consultato ottobre 3. https://www.mitforschen.org/en.
254. Momirski, Lucija Ažman, Tomaž Berčič, Jon Šinkovec, Anja Bagon, Kris Vanherle, Giovanni Maccani, Enda Hayes, e Anna Molter. 2021. «WeCount: Citizens Observing UrbaN Transport». Report for European Commission Research Executive Agency (REA). https://we-count.net/_uploads/Deliverable-4.3-Final-Summative-Case-Study-Report.pdf.
255. Mooney, Peter, A. Yeir Grinberger, Marco Minghini, Serena Coetzee, Levente Juhasz, e Godwin Yeboah. 2021. «OpenStreetMap Data Use Cases During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic». In COVID-19 Pandemic, Geospatial Information, and Community Resilience. Global Applications and Lessons, a cura di Abbas Rajabifard, Daniel Paez, e Greg Foliente. Boca Raton: CRC Press. DOI: 10.1201/9781003181590
256. Mooney, Peter, e Padraig Corcoran. 2012. «Who are the contributors to OpenStreetMap and what do they do?» In Proceedings of the GIS Research UK 20th Annual Conference, a cura di D. Whyatt e B. Rowlingson, 355–60. Lancaster: Lancaster University. https://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/~gisteac/proceedingsonline/GISRUK2012/Papers/presentation-87.pdf.
257. Mosquitoalert Italia progetto di citizen science. 2025. Mosquitoalert Italia. Consultato febbraio 2. https://www.mosquitoalertitalia.it/.
258. Mueller, Johannes, Hangxin Lu, Artem Chirkin, Bernhard Klein, e Gerhard Schmitt. 2018. «Citizen Design Science: A strategy for crowd-creative urban design». Cities 72: 181–88. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2017.08.018
259. Nasa. 2024 Citizen Science.Consultato ottobre 3. https://www.nasa.gov/stem-content/nasa-citizen-science-opportunities/.
260. National Geographic. 2024 Citizen Science. Consultato ottobre 3. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/citizen-science-article/.
261. New York City Tree Map. 2025. NYC Parks. Consultato febbraio 12. https://tree-map.nycgovparks.org/tree-map/borough/1.
262. Newman, Greg, Andrea Wiggins, Alycia Crall, Eric Graham, Sarah Newman, e Kevin Crowston. 2012. «The future of citizen science: emerging technologies and shifting paradigms». Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10 (6): 298–304. DOI: 10.1890/110294
263. Nicolescu, Basarab. 2014. Il Manifesto della Transdisciplinarità. Tradotto da Emanuela Bambara. Original date: 1996. Monaco; Messina: Éditions du Rocher; Armando Siciliano.
264. Nielsen, Jakob. 2006. «The 90-9-1 Rule for Participation Inequality in Social Media and Online Communities». NN/g. https://www.nngroup.com/articles/participation-inequality/.
265. Nold, Christian, e Louise Francis. 2017. «Participatory Sensing: Recruiting Bipedal Platforms or Building Issue Centred Projects?» In Participatory Sensing, Opinions and Collective Awareness. Understanding Complex Systems, a cura di V. Loreto, M. Haklay, A. Hotho, e V.C.P. Servedio, 213–35. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25658-0_11
266. Nold, Christian, Muki Haklay, Tim Walker, John Doherty, Martin Morris, e Gregory Boon. 2023. «Citizen Science Study of Overflight Noise from New and Old Generation Aircraft at London City Airport». Dataset. DOI: 10.21954/ou.rd.24453841.v1
267. Nov, Oded, Ofer Arazy, e David Anderson. 2014. «Scientists@Home: What Drives the Quantity and Quality of Online Citizen Science Participation?» PloS one 9 (4): e90375. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090375
268. Novak, Jasminko, Mathias Becker, François Grey, e Rosy Mondardini. 2018. «Citizen engagement and collective intelligence for participatory digital social innovation». In Citizen Science - Innovation in Open Science, Society and Policy, a cura di S. Hecker, M. Haklay, A. Bowser, Z. Makuch, J. Vogel, e A. Bonn, 124–45. London: UCL Press. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10066015/.
269. NSL. 2015. «Empower Shack». NSL. https://www.nsl.ethz.ch/en/projekt/empower-shack/.
270. OdourCollect, Improving odour pollution management through citizen science. 2025. OdourCollect. Consultato febbraio 12. https://scienceforchange.eu/en/project/odourcollect/.
271. OED (Oxford English Dictionary). 2014. «Citizen Science». In OED (Oxford English Dictionary). DOI: 10.1093/OED/6784505301
272. OPAL: Citizen science for everyone. 2025. OPAL. Consultato febbraio 3. https://www.imperial.ac.uk/opal/.
273. Open Science and Data Collaborations. 2025. CMU Libraries. Consultato febbraio 6. https://www.library.cmu.edu/services/open-science.
274. OpenStreetMap Statistics. 2025. OpenStreetMap. Consultato febbraio 8. https://planet.openstreetmap.org/statistics/data_stats.html.
275. Ostrom, Elinor. 1990. Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge university press.
276. Paleco, Carole, Sabina García Peter, Nora Salas Seoane, Julia Kaufmann, e Panagiota Argyri. 2021. «Inclusiveness and Diversity in Citizen Science». In The Science of Citizen Science, a cura di K. Vohland, A. Land-Zandstra, L. Ceccaroni, R. Lemmens, J. Perelló, M. Ponti, R. Samson, e K. Wagenknecht, 261–81. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_14
277. Pandya, Rajul E. 2012. «A framework for engaging diverse communities in citizen science in the US». Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10 (6): 314–17. DOI: 10.1890/120007
278. Pandya, Rajul, e Kenne Ann Dibner, a c. di. 2018. Learning Through Citizen Science: Enhancing Opportunities by Design. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. DOI: 10.17226/25183
279. Park, Penny. 2014. «Realizing the Potential of Citizen Science». In UNEP Year Book. Emerging issues in our global environment, 36–41. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme. https://waterquality.danube-region.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/sites/13/2019/09/UNEP-Year-Book-2014_-emerging-issues-in-our-global-env.pdf.
280. Parker, Christopher. 2012. «A Human Factors Perspective on Volunteered Geographic Information: Human Factors Design». PhD Dissertation, Loughborough University. https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/54464084/Thesis_A_Human_Factors_Perspective_on_VGI_.pdf.
281. Passani, Antonella, Annelli Janssen, Katharina Hölscher, e Giulia Di Lisio. 2022. «A participatory, multidimensional and modular impact assessment methodology for citizen science projects». fteval Journal 54: 33–42. DOI: 10.22163/fteval.2022.569
282. Passani, Antonella, e Simona De Rosa. 2021. «Impact Assessment Framework». MediaFutures project report. https://mediafutures.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/D6.3-Impact-assessment-framework_final_with-covers.pdf.
283. Passarelli, Mariacarmela, Francesco Ricotta, e Alfio Cariola. 2019. «Il trasferimento tecnologico e la strategia di specializzazione intelligente». Economia e società regionale, fasc. 2: 116–46. DOI: 10.3280/ES2019-002011
284. Pateman, Rachel, Alison Dyke, e Sarah West. 2021. «The Diversity of Participants in Environmental Citizen Science». Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 6 (1): 9. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.369
285. Pateman, Rachel, Alison Dyke, e Sarah West. 2021. «The Diversity of Participants in Environmental Citizen Science». Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 6 (1): 9. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.369
286. Phillips, Tina, Heidi L. Ballard, Bruce V. Lewenstein, e Rick Bonney. 2019. «Engagement in science through citizen science: Moving beyond data collection». Science Education 103 (3): 665–90. DOI: 10.1002/sce.21501
287. Piaget, Jean. 1972. «L’épistémologie des relations interdisciplinaires». In L’interdisciplinarité : problemes d’enseignement et de recherche dans les universites : ce rapport est fonde sur les resultats d’un Seminaire sur l’ Interdisciplinarite dans les Universites, organise par le CERI avec la collaboration du Ministere Francais de l’Education Nationale a l’Universite de Nice (France) du 7 au 12 septembre 1970, a cura di L. Apostel, G. Berger, G. Michaud, M. Boiosot, H. Heckhausen, E. Jantsch, A. Lichnerowicz, e J. Piaget, 155–71. Paris: Organisation de cooperation et de developpement economiques.
288. Plastic pollution is out of control. 2025. OpenLitterMap. Consultato febbraio 12. https://openlittermap.com/.
289. Pocock, Michael J., Helen E. Roy, Chris D. Preston, e David B. Roy. 2015. «The Biological Records Centre: a pioneer of citizen science». Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 115 (3): 475–93. DOI: 10.1111/bij.12548
290. Polli: Bright. 2025. Museo Naturale Maremma. Consultato febbraio 8. https://www.museonaturalemaremma.it/pollibright/.
291. Ponti, Marisa, e Alena Seredko. 2022. «Human-machine-learning integration and task allocation in citizen science». Humanities and Social Sciences Communications – Nature 9 (48). DOI: 10.1057/s41599-022-01049-z
292. Purcell, Karen, Cecilia Garibay, e Janis L. Dickinson. 2012. «A Gateway to Science for All: Celebrate Urban Birds». In Citizen Science: Public Participation in Environmental Research, a cura di Janis L. Dickinson e Rick Bonney, 191–200. Ithaca, NY: Comstock Publishing Associates. DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9780801449116.003.0014
293. Purtova, Nadezhda, e Robin L. Pierce. 2024. «Citizen scientists as data controllers: Data protection and ethics challenges of distributed science». Computer Law & Security Review: The International. Journal of Technology Law and Practice 52: 105911. DOI: 10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105911
294. Purves, Ross S., e Curdin Derungs. 2015. «From Space to Place: Place-Based Explorations of Text». International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 9 (1): 74–94. DOI: 10.3366/ijhac.2015.0139
295. Quillen, Lori, Erin Frick, e Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies. 2017. «Finding Baltimore’s Mosquito Hotspots with Help from Landsat». Landsat Science. https://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/article/finding-baltimores-mosquito-hotspots-with-help-from-landsat/.
296. Quinlivan, Lauren, Deborah V. Chapman, e Timothy Sullivan. 2020. «Validating citizen science monitoring of ambient water quality for the United Nations sustainable development goals». Science of The Total Environment 699: 134255. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134255
297. Raddick, M. Jordan, Georgia Bracey, Pamela L. Gay, Chris J. Lintott, Carie Cardamone, Phil Murray, Kevin Schawinski, Alexander S. Szalay, e Jan Vandernberg. 2013. «Galaxy Zoo: Motivations of Citizen Scientists». Astronomy Education Review 12 (1). DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1303.6886
298. Radicchi, Antonella. 2021. «Citizen science mobile apps for soundscape research and public space studies: lessons from the Hush City project». In Geographic Citizen Science Design: No One Left Behind, a cura di Artemis Skarlatidou e Muki Haklay, 130–48. London: UCL Press. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv15d8174.14
299. Reed, M.S., M. Ferré, J. Martin-Ortega, R. Blanche, R. Lawford-Rolfe, M. Dallimer, e J. Holden. 2021. «Evaluating impact from research: A methodological framework». Research Policy 50 (4): 104147. DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2020.104147
300. Reed, M.S.R. 2022. «Stakeholder Analysis». Advance online publication. Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC). https://pure.sruc.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/52633184/RESAS_D5_3_Stakeholder_Analysis_final_.pdf.
301. Reed, Mark S., Anil Graves, Norman Dandy, Elena Posthumus, Klaus Hubacek, Joe Morris, Christina Prell, Claire H. Quinn, e Lindsay C. Stringer. 2009. «Who’s in and why? A typology of stakeholder analysis methods for natural resource management.» Journal of Environment Management 90 (5): 1933–49. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.001
302. Reed, Mark S., e Rachel Curzon. 2015. «Stakeholder mapping for the governance of biosecurity: a literature review». Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences 12 (1): 15–38. DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2014.975723
303. Reed, Mark S., Rosalind Bryce, e Ruth Machen. 2018. «Pathways to policy impact: a new approach for planning and evidencing research impact». Evidence & Policy 14 (03): 431–58. DOI: 10.1332/174426418X15326967547242
304. Reeves, Neal, Ilaria Baroni, Damiano Scandolari, Mario Scrocca, Roy van Grunsven, Eddy Maddalena, Elena Simperl, et al. 2022. Participatory Science Toolkit Against Pollution. A cura di Gefion Thuermer. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6491235
305. Reporting wildlife crime. 2025. Sapelli. Consultato febbraio 12. https://www.sapelli.org/reporting-wildlife-crime/.
306. Reshaping Humanity through inclusion. 2025. Weglad. Consultato febbraio 12. https://weglad.eu/.
307. Resnik, David B., Kevin C. Elliott, e Aubrey K. Miller. 2015. «A framework for addressing ethical issues in citizen science». Environmental Science & Policy 54: 475–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2015.05.008
308. Rieger, Courtney. 2016. «Demonstrating the capacity of online citizen science mapping software to communicate natural hazards and engage community participation». Master Dissertation, Canada: University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and Science. https://hdl.handle.net/10133/4605.
309. Riesch, Hauke, e Clive Potter. 2014. «Citizen science as seen by scientists: Methodological, epistemological and ethical dimensions». Public Understanding of Science 23 (1): 107–20. DOI: 10.1177/0963662513497324
310. Rifkin, Jeremy. 2011. La terza rivoluzione industriale. Milano: Mondadori.
311. Robinson, Lucy D., Jade Lauren Cawthray, Sarah Elizabeth West, Aletta Bonn, e Janice Ansine. 2018. «Ten Principles of Citizen Science». In Ten Principles of Citizen Science.” In Citizen Science: Innovation in Open Science, Society and Policy, a cura di S. Hecker, M. Haklay, A. Bowser, Z. Makuch, L. Vogel, e A. Bonn, 27–40. London: UCL Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv550cf2.9.
312. Rodrigues-Ferreira, Ariele, Herlander Afonso, José André Mello, e Rebeca Amaral. 2023. «reative Economy and the Quintuple Helix Innovation Model: A Critical Factors Study in the Context of Regional Development». Creativity Studies 16 (1): 158–77. DOI: 10.3846/cs.2023.15709
313. Rogers, Everett M. 2010. Diffusion of Innovations. New York: Simon and Schuster.
314. Rotman, Dana, Jen Hammock, Jenny J. Preece, Carol L. Boston, Derek L. Hansen, Anne Bowser, e Yurong He. 2014. «Does motivation in citizen science change with time and culture?» In Proceedings of the companion publication of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing, 229–32. CSCW Companion ’14. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. DOI: 10.1145/2556420.2556492
315. Rotman, Dana, Jenny Preece, Jen Hammock, Kezee Procita, Derek Hansen, Cynthia Parr, Darcy Lewis, e David Jacobs. 2012. «Dynamic changes in motivation in collaborative citizen-science projects». In Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on computer supported cooperative work, 217–26. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. DOI: 10.1145/2145204.2145238
316. Roy, Helen E., Michael J.O. Pocock, C.D. Preston, D.B. Roy, Joanna Savage, John C. Tweddle, e Lucy D. Robinson. 2012. «Understanding Citizen Science and Environmental Monitoring». Final Report on behalf of UK-EOF. NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology and Natural History Museum. https://www.ceh.ac.uk/sites/default/files/citizensciencereview.pdf.
317. Roy, Helen E., Michael J.O. Pocock, C.D. Preston, D.B. Roy, Joanna Savage, John C. Tweddle, e Lucy D. Robinson. 2012. «Understanding Citizen Science and Environmental Monitoring». Final Report on behalf of UK-EOF. NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology and Natural History Museum. https://www.ceh.ac.uk/sites/default/files/citizensciencereview.pdf.
318. Rubio-Iglesias, José Miguel, Triin Edovald, Robert Grew, Timo Kark, Ahmet Erkan Kideys, Taru Peltola, e Hester Volten. 2020. «Citizen Science and Environmental Protection Agencies: Engaging Citizens to Address Key Environmental Challenges». Frontiers in Climate 2. DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2020.600998
319. Russel, James A., e Geraldine Pratt. 1980. «A description of the affective quality attributed to environments». Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 38 (2): 311–22. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.38.2.311
320. Ryan, Richard M., e Edward L. Deci. 2000. «Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being». American Psychologist 55 (1): 68–78. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
321. Safecast - About. 2025. Safecast. Consultato febbraio 12. https://safecast.org/about/#.
322. Sanders, Elizabeth B.-N., e Pieter Jan Stappers. 2008. «Co-Creation and the New Landscapes of Design». CoDesign 4 (1): 5–18. DOI: 10.1080/15710880701875068
323. Sanna, Venere Stefania, Francesco Di Grazia, Cristina Capineri, e Alessio Polvani. 2024. «Citizen Science for Transition to Sustainability and SDG Monitoring in an Italian River Basin». International Journal of E-Planning Research (IJEPR) 13 (1). DOI: 10.4018/IJEPR.366585
324. Sardo, Ana Margarida, Sophie Laggan, Laura Fogg-Rogers, Elke Franchois, Giovanni Maccani, Kris Vanherle, e Enda Hayes. 2024. «Measuring the impacts of participatory citizen science: lessons from the WeCount sustainable mobility project». JCOM-Journal of Science Communication 23 (05): N01. DOI: 10.22323/2.23050801
325. Schade, Sven, Maite Pelacho, Toos (C. G. E.) van Noordwijk, Katrin Vohland, Susanne Hecker, e Marina Manzoni. 2021. «Citizen Science and Policy». In The Science of Citizen Science, a cura di Katrin Vohland, Anne Land-Zandstra, Luigi Ceccaroni, Rob Lemmens, Josep Perelló, Marisa Ponti, Roeland Samson, e Katherin Wagenknecht, 351–71. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_18
326. Seagrasswatch, Social media. 2024. Seagrasswatch. https://www.seagrasswatch.org/gallery/.
327. See, Linda, Peter Mooney, Giles Foody, Lucy Bastin, Alexis Comber, Jacinto Estima, Steffen Fritz, et al. 2016. «Crowdsourcing, Citizen Science or Volunteered Geographic Information? The Current State of Crowdsourced Geographic Information». International Journal of Geo-Information 5 (5): 55. DOI: 10.3390/ijgi5050055
328. Senaratne, Hansi, Amin Mobasheri, Ahmed Loai Ali, e Cristina Capineri. 2016. «A Review of Volunteered Geographic Information Quality Assessment Methods». International Journal of Geographical Information Science 31 (1): 139–67. DOI: 10.1080/13658816.2016.1189556
329. Serrano Sanz, Fermin, Teresa Holocher-Ertl, Barbara Kieslinger, Francesco Sanz García, e Candida G. Silva. 2014. «White Paper on Citizen Science for Europe». Report of the Socientize Project to the European Commission. Brussels: EC (European Commission). https://www.ecsite.eu/sites/default/files/white_paper-final-print.pdf.
330. Seyfang, Gill, e Adrian Smith. 2007. «Grassroots innovations for sustainable development: Towards a new research and policy agenda». Environmental Politics 16 (4): 584–603. DOI: 10.1080/09644010701419121
331. Sforzi, Andrea, John Tweddle, Johannes Vogel, Grégoire Lois, Wolfgang Wägele, Poppy Lakeman-Fraser, Zen Makuch, e Katrin Vohland. 2018. «Citizen science and the role of natural history museums». In Citizen Science - Innovation in Open Science, Society and Policy, a cura di S. Hecker, M. Haklay, A. Bowser, Z. Makuch, J. Vogel, e A. Bonn, 429–44. London: UCL Press. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10066348/.
332. Shamoo, Adil E., e David B. Resnik. 2015. Responsible Conduct of Research. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
333. Shirk, Jennifer L., Heidi L. Ballard, Candie C. Wilderman, Tina Phillips, Andrea Wiggins, Rebecca Jordan, Ellen McCallie, et al. 2012. «Public Participation in Scientific Research: A Framework for Deliberate Design». Ecology and Society 17 (2): 29. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26269051.
334. Shye, Samuel. 2010. «The Motivation to Volunteer: A Systemic Quality of Life Theory». Social Indicators Research 98: 183–200. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-009-9545-3
335. Silvertown, Jonathan. 2009. «A New Dawn for Citizen Science». Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24 (9): 467–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.03.017
336. Simpson, Robert. 2013. «Explainer: What Is Citizen Science?» The Conversation, agosto 15. https://theconversation.com/explainer-what-is-citizen-science-16487.
337. Skarlatidou, Artemis, e Muki Haklay, a c. di. 2021. Geographic Citizen Science Design: No one left behind. London: UCL Press. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120404/.
338. Skarlatidou, Artemis, Monika Suškevičs, Claudia Göbel, Loreta Prūse, Loreta Tauginienė, Andre Mascarenhas, Marzia Mazzonetto, et al. 2019. «The Value of Stakeholder Mapping to Enhance Co-creation in Citizen Science Initiatives». Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 4 (1): 24. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.226
339. Skarlatidou, Artemis, Muki Haklay, Simon Hoyte, Michiel van Oudheusden, e Isabel J. Bishop. 2024. «How can bottom-up citizen science restore public trust in environmental governance and sciences? Recommendations from three case studies». Environmental Science & Policy 160: 103854. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103854
340. Solís, Patricia, e Marcela Zeballos, a c. di. 2023. Open Mapping towards Sustainable Development Goals. Voices of YouthMappers on Community Engaged Scholarship. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1
341. Sorensen, Amanda E., Rebecca C. Jordan, Shannon L. LaDeau, Dawn Biehler, Sacoby Wilson, John-Henry Pitas, e Paul T. Leisnham. 2019. «Reflecting on Efforts to Design an Inclusive Citizen Science Project in West Baltimore». Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 4 (1): 13. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.170
342. Sovacool, Benjamin K. 2010. «A critical stakeholder analysis of the Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline (TAGP) Network». Land Use Policy 27 (3): 788–97. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.10.012
343. Special Eurobarometer 516. European citizens’ knowledge and attitudes towards science and technology. 2021. Survey. conducted by Kantar at the request of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. https://www.initiative-wissenschaftliche-medizin.at/fileadmin/user_upload/FHCampusWienSalutogenes/ebs_516_science_and_technology_summary_en.pdf.
344. Stilgoe, Jack, Simon J. Lock, e James Wilsdon. 2014. «Why should we promote public engagement with science?» Public Understanding of Science 23 (1): 4–15. DOI: 10.1177/0963662513518154
345. Strien, Arco J. van, Chris A.M. van Swaay, e Tim Termaat. 2013. «Opportunistic citizen science data of animal species produce reliable estimates of distribution trends if analysed with occupancy models». Journal of Applied Ecology 50 (6): 1450–58. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12158
346. Sui, Daniel, e Dydia DeLyser. 2012. «Crossing the qualitative-quantitative chasm I: Hybrid geographies, the spatial turn, and volunteered geographic information (VGI)». Progress in Human Geography 36 (1): 111–24. DOI: 10.1177/0309132510392164
347. Sui, Daniel, Michael Goodchild, e Sarah Elwood. 2013. «Volunteered Geographic Information, the Exaflood, and the Growing Digital Divide». In Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge, a cura di Daniel Sui, Michael Goodchild, e Sarah Elwood, 1–12. Dordrecht: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4587-2_1
348. Sullivan, Brian L., Christopher L. Wood, Marshall J. Iliff, Rick E. Bonney, Daniel Fink, e Steve Kelling. 2009. «eBird: A citizen-based bird observation network in the biological sciences». Biological Conservation 142 (10): 2282–92. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.05.006
349. Sullivan, Brian L., Jocelyn L. Aycrigg, Jessie H. Barry, Rick E. Bonney, Nicholas Bruns, Caren B. Cooper, Theo Damoulas, et al. 2014. «The eBird enterprise: An integrated approach to development and application of citizen science». Biological Conservation 169: 31–40. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.003
350. Tauginienė, Loreta, Eglė Butkevičienė, Katrin Vohland, Barbara Heinisch, Maria Daskolia, Monika Suškevičs, Manuel Portela, Bálint Balázs, e Baiba Prūse. 2020. «Citizen science in the social sciences and humanities: the power of interdisciplinarity». Palgrave Communications 6 (89). DOI: 10.1057/s41599-020-0471-y
351. Tauginienė, Loreta, Philipp Hummer, Alexandra Albert, Anna Cigarini, e Katrin Vohland. 2021. «Ethical Challenges and Dynamic Informed Consent». In The Science of Citizen Science, a cura di K. Vohland, A. Land-Zandstra, L. Ceccaroni, R. Lemmens, J. Perelló, M. Ponti, R. Samson, e K. Wagenknecht, 397–416. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_20
352. Telraam-Traffic counting with citizens. 2025. Telraam. Consultato febbraio 12. https://telraam.net/#9/44.4938/11.3387.
353. Thatoe Nwe Win, Thanda, Thom Bogaard, e Nick van de Giesen. 2019. «A Low-Cost Water Quality Monitoring System for the Ayeyarwady River in Myanmar Using a Participatory Approach». Water 11 (10): 1984. DOI: 10.3390/w11101984
354. Thompson, Ronald L., Christopher A. Higgins, e Jane M. Howell. 1991. «Personal Computing: Toward a Conceptual Model of Utilization». MIS Quarterly 15 (1): 125–43. https://www.jstor.org/stable/249443.
355. Thornhill, Ian, Jonathan G. Ho, Yuchao Zhang, Huashou Li, Kin Chung Ho, Leticia Miguel-Chinchilla, e Steven A. Loiselle. 2017. «Prioritising local action for water quality improvement using citizen science; a study across three major metropolitan areas of China». Science of The Total Environment 584–585: 1268–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.200
356. Tiago, Patricia, L. Ceccaroni, e P. Jaume. 2016. «Social Context of Citizen Science Projects». In Analyzing the Role of Citizen Science in Modern Research, 168–91. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0962-2.ch008
357. Tiago, Patricia, Maria J. Gouveia, César Capinha, Margarida Santos-Reis, e Henrique M. Pereira. 2017. «The influence of motivational factors on the frequency of participation in citizen science activities». Nature Conservation 18: 61–78. DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.18.13429
358. Townsend, Anthony M. 2013. Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia. 1a ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.
359. Train the Trainer. Course Description. 2025. European Citizen Science Academy (ECS academy). Consultato febbraio 6. https://moodle.eu-citizen.science/course/section.php?id=62.
360. Transcribe Bentham. 2025. UCL. Consultato febbraio 3. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bentham-project/transcribe-bentham.
361. Tress, Bärbel, Gunter Tress, e Gary Fry. 2006. «Defining concepts and the process of knowledge production in integrative research». In From Landscape Research to Landscape Planning. Aspects of Integration, Education and Application, a cura di B. Tress, G. Tress, G. Fry, e P.F.M. Opdam, 12:13–26. Wageningen UR Frontis series. Dortrecht: Springer.
362. TU Cartography. Emo Map. 2025. Emo Map. Consultato febbraio 7. https://cartography.tuwien.ac.at/emomap/.
363. Tucson Bird Count. 2025. Tucson Bird Count. Consultato febbraio 12. https://www.tucsonbirds.org/about-the-tucson-bird-count/.
364. Turbé, Anne, Jorge Barba, Maite Pelacho, Shailendra Mugdal, Lucy D. Robinson, Fermin Serrano-Sanz, Chrysa Tsinaraki, Jose-Miguel Rubio, e Sven Schade. 2019. «Understanding the Citizen Science Landscape for European Environmental Policy: An Assessment and Recommendations». Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 4 (1): 34. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.239
365. Turbé, Anne, Shailendra Mudgal, Margaret Gold, Lucy Robinson, Fermín Serrano, Francisco Sanz, Jorge Barba, e Maite Pelacho. 2018. «Citizen Science for Environmental Policy: development of an EU-wide inventory and analysis of selected practices». Final report for the European Commission. Bio Innovation Service, in collaboration with Fundación Ibercivis and The Natural History Museum. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.27592.80643
366. Turner, Andrew. 2006. Introduction to neogeography. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly.
367. Turner, Will R. 2003. «Citywide biological monitoring as a tool for ecology and conservation in urban landscapes: the case of the Tucson Bird Count». Landscape and Urban Planning 65 (3): 149–66. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-2046(03)00012-4
368. Turrini, Tabea, Daniel Dörler, Anett Richter, Florian Heigl, e Aletta Bonn. 2018. «The threefold potential of environmental citizen science - Generating knowledge, creating learning opportunities and enabling civic participation». Biological Conservation 225: 176–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.03.024
369. UNDP (United Nations Development Program). 2022. «Citizen Science: Exploring its trends and its role in sustainable development». Co-lab, UNDP Argentina: United Nations Development Program. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2022-07/undp-arg-citizen-science-exploring-english-25.07.22.pdf.
370. UNESCO. 2013. World social science report: changing global environments. Paris: UNESCO publishing. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000224677.
371. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2018. «Year in Review». US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2019-01/documents/epa_2018_yearinreview_0128-4.pdf.
372. Vallance, Paul, Mark Tewdwr-Jones, e Louise Kempton. 2020. «Building collaborative platforms for urban innovation: Newcastle City Futures as a quadruple helix intermediary». European Urban and Regional Studies 27 (4): 325–41. DOI: 10.1177/0969776420905630
373. Vallerand, Robert J. 2000. «Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory: A view from the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation». Psychological Inquiry 11 (4): 312–18. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1449629.
374. Van den Berg, Heather A., Shari L. Dann, e John M. Dirkx. 2009. «Motivations of Adults for Non-Formal Conservation Education and Volunteerism: Implications for Programming». Applied Environmental Education & Communication 8 (1): 6–17. DOI: 10.1080/15330150902847328
375. Van Dijk, José, Thomas Poell, e Martijn de Waal. 2018. The Platform Society. Public Values in a Connected World. New York: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190889760.001.0001
376. Venkatesh, Viswanath, e Fred D. Davis. 2000. «A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies». Management Science 46 (2): 186–204. DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.46.2.186.11926
377. Venkatesh, Viswanath, Michael G. Morris, Gordon B. Davis, e Fred D. Davis. 2003. «User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View». MIS Quarterly 27 (3): 425–78. DOI: 10.2307/30036540
378. Vogler, Donna, Suzanne Macey, e Amanda Sigouin. 2017. «Stakeholder Analysis in Environmental and Conservation Planning». Lessons in Conservation 7: 5–16. https://www.amnh.org/content/download/158575/2593966/file/stakeholder-analysis-in-environmental-and-conservation-planning.pdf.
379. Vohland Katrin, Land-Zandstra Anne, Ceccaroni Luigi, Lemmens Rob, Perelló Josep, Ponti Marisa, Samson Roeland,  Wagenknecht Katherin (eds) (2021).  The Science of Citizen Science. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4
380. We are Hacan East. 2025. Hacan East. Consultato febbraio 12. https://www.hacaneast.org.uk/home.
381. Wecount-Live traffic counting by citizens. 2025. Wecount. Consultato febbraio 12. https://we-count.net/.
382. West, Sarah, Alison Dyke, e Rachel Pateman. 2021. «Variations in the Motivations of Environmental Citizen Scientists». Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 6 (1): 14. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.370
383. West, Sarah, e Rachel Pateman. 2016. «Recruiting and Retaining Participants in Citizen Science: What Can Be Learned from the Volunteering Literature?» Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 1 (2): 15. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.8
384. West, Sarah, e Rachel Pateman. 2017. «How could citizen science support the Sustainable Development Goals?» Policy brief. Stockolm: Stockholm Environment Institute. https://www.sei.org/publications/citizen-science-sustainable-development-goals/.
385. What is Participatory Science? 2024. EPA. Consultato ottobre 3. https://www.epa.gov/participatory-science.
386. What is the Zooniverse? 2025. Consultato febbraio 3. https://www.zooniverse.org/.
387. Wiggins, Andrea, e Kewin Crowston. 2011. «From Conservation to Crowdsourcing: A Typology of Citizen Science». In 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1–10. Kauai, HI, USA: IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2011.207
388. Wiggins, Andrea, e Kewin Crowston. 2012. «Goals and Tasks: Two Typologies of Citizen Science Projects». In 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 3426–35. Maui, HI, USA: IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2012.295
389. Wiggins, Andrea, Greg Newman, Robert D. Stevenson, e Kevin Crowston. 2011. «Mechanisms for Data Quality and Validation in Citizen Science». In IEEE Seventh International Conference on e-Science Workshops, 14–19. Stockholm, Sweden: IEE. 10.1109/eScienceW.2011.27.
390. Wikimedia Italia. 2025. Wikimedia. Consultato febbraio 6. https://www.wikimedia.it/.
391. Wikipedia. 2024 CitizenScience. Consultato ottobre 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_science#:~:text=Citizen%20science%20(similar%20to%20community%20science,%20crowd%20science,#:~:text=Citizen%20science%20(similar%20to%20community%20science,%20crowd%20science.
392. Wikipedia: Statistics. 2024. Wikipedia. Consultato febbraio 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Statistics.
393. Wilsdon, James, Brian Wynne, e Jack Stilgoe. 2005. The public value of science. Or how to ensure that science really matters. London: Demos. https://archiwum.pte.pl/pliki/2/21/5.%20Vinnova%20Public%20Value%20of%20Science%202005.pdf.
394. Wilson, Matthew, e Mark Graham. 2013. «Neogeography and Volunteered Geographic Information: A Conversation with Michael Goodchild and Andrew Turner». Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 45 (1): 10–18. DOI: 10.1068/a44483
395. Wilson, Sacoby, Chris Heaney, e Omega Wilson. 2011. «Use of community-owned and -managed research to assess the vulnerability of water and sewer services in marginalized and underserved environmental justice communities». In ISEE Conference Abstracts. DOI: 10.1289/isee.2011.00095
396. Wright, Dale R., Les G. Underhill, Matt Keene, e Andrew T. Knight. 2015. «Understanding the Motivations and Satisfactions of Volunteers to Improve the Effectiveness of Citizen Science Programs». Society & Natural Resources 28 (9): 1013–29. DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2015.1054976
397. Youth Mappers - Let Girls Map. 2025. Youth Mappers. Consultato febbraio 12. https://www.youthmappers.org/letgirlsmap.
398. Youth Mappers. 2025. Youth Mappers. Consultato febbraio 12. https://www.youthmappers.org/.
399. Zhang, Yuchao, Ronghua Ma, Minqi Hu, Juhua Luo, Jing Li, e Qichun Liang. 2017. «Combining citizen science and land use data to identify drivers of eutrophication in the Huangpu River system». Science of The Total Environment 584–585: 651–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.093
400. Zook, Matthew, Mark Graham, Taylor Shelton, e Sean Gorman. 2010. «Volunteered Geographic Information and Crowdsourcing Disaster Relief: A Case Study of the Haitian Earthquake». World Medical & Health Policy 2 (2). DOI: 10.2202/1948-4682.1069

Bibliographic Information