Contained in:
Book Chapter

Estimating the Amount of Ballast Water from Ships in the Mediterranean: Antalya Bay Case Study

  • Ömer Harun Özkaynak
  • Gönül Tuğrul İçemer

This study estimated how much ballast water ships can produce in the Gulf of Antalya, an important port city in the Mediterranean. The data used in the calculation was obtained from AIS (Automatic Identification System) of the ships arriving in Antalya Bay between 2018-2021. These ships' ballast water was determined with DWT (Deadweight tons) information using the methods given in the literature. It was calculated as a percentage of DWT according to ship types. As a result of the calculation, it has been determined that three to six million metric tons of ballast water produced in four years originates from bulk cargo ships. In addition, when other ship types are included in the Gulf of Antalya, it is evaluated that 7-12 million metric tons of ballast water may be produced, posing a severe threat to the Mediterranean ecosystem.

  • Keywords:
  • Ballast Water Management,
  • Ship ballast,
  • Mediterranean ballast water.,
+ Show More

Ömer Harun Özkaynak

Akdeniz University, Turkey - ORCID: 0000-0002-5234-5751

Gönül Tuğrul İçemer

Akdeniz University, Turkey - ORCID: 0000-0002-9024-8960

  1. Endresen, Ø., Dalsøren, S., Eide, M., Isaksen, I.S., Sørgård, E. (2008)- The environmental impacts of increased international maritime shipping, past trends and future perspectives, Proceedings of the Global Forum on Transport and Environment in a Globalising World, Guadalajara, Mexico, November 10–12.
  2. David M., Gollasch S., Hewitt C., Jakomin L. (2007a)- Ballast water management for European seas –is there a need for a decision support system? IEEE Conference proceedings, Aberdeen. DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSE.2007.4302460
  3. David M., Gollasch S., Cabrini M., Perkovič M., Bošnjak D., Virgilio D. (2007b)- Results from the first tballast water sampling study in the Mediterranean Sea – the Port of Koper study. Mar Pollut Bull 54:53–65. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.08.041
  4. Katsanevakis S., Gatto F., Zenetos A., Cardoso A.C. (2013)- How many marine aliens in Europe?. Manag Biol Invasion 4(1):37–42. DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2013.4.1.05
  5. David, M., Gollasch, S., Hewitt, C. (2015)- Global maritime transport and ballast water management. Issues and Solutions; Invading Nature. Springer Series in Invasion Ecology; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 10, 978-994. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9367-4
  6. Hamer, J. P. (2002)- Ballast tank sediments. In Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe. Distribution, Impacts and Management (pp. 232-234). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9956-6_24
  7. Murphy, K. R., Ritz, D., & Hewitt, C. L. (2002)- Heterogeneous zooplankton distribution in a ship's ballast tanks. Journal of Plankton Research, 24(7), 729-734. DOI: 10.1093/plankt/24.7.729
  8. Briski, E., Bailey, S. A., MacIsaac, H. J. (2011)- Invertebrates and their dormant eggs transported in ballast sediments of ships arriving to the Canadian coasts and the Laurentian Great Lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 56(5), 1929-1939. DOI: 10.4319/lo.2011.56.5.1929
  9. Gollasch, S., Lenz, J., Dammer, M., Andres, H. G. (2000)- Survival of tropical ballast water organisms during a cruise from the Indian Ocean to the North Sea. Journal of Plankton Research, 22(5), 923-937. DOI: 10.1093/plankt/22.5.923
  10. David, M., Gollasch, S. Leppäkoski, E. (2013)- Risk assessment for exemptions from ballast water management–the Baltic Sea case study. Marine pollution bulletin, 75(1-2), 205-217. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.031
  11. Tamelander, J., Riddering, L., Haag, F., Matheickal, J., No, G. M. S. (2010)- Guidelines for development of a national ballast water management strategy. London: Glo Ballast Partnerships Project Coordination Unit, International Maritime Organization.
  12. Endresen, Ø., Behrens, H. L., Brynestad, S., Andersen, A. B., Skjong, R. (2004)- Challenges in global ballast water management. Marine pollution bulletin, 48(7-8), 615-623. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.01.016
  13. UNCTAD (2006)- Review of maritime transport. United Nations, New York/Geneva.
  14. Feng, D., Chen, X., Tian, W., Qian, Q., Shen, H., Liao, D., Lv, B. (2017)- Pollution characteristics and ecological risk of heavy metals in ballast tank sediment, Environmental science and pollution research, 24, 3951-3958. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8113-z
  15. Casas-Monroy, O., Linley, R. D., Chan, P. S., Kydd, J., Byllaardt, J. V.,Bailey, S. (2018)- Evaluating efficacy of filtration+ UV-C radiation for ballast water treatment at different temperatures, Journal of Sea Research, 133, 20-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2017.02.001
  16. Dobbs, F. C., Rogerson, A. (2005)- Ridding ships' ballast water of microorganisms, Environmental Science & Technology, 39(12), 259A-264A. DOI: 10.1021/es053300v
  17. Suban, V. (2006)- Model določanja količine izpuščenega balasta za preteklo obdobje s pomočjo izvedenih podatkov, Doctoral dissertation, master thesis. University of Ljubljana, Portorož.
  18. IMO (2017)- The GloBallast story: reflections from a global family, URL. https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/
  19. Cariton, J. T., & Geller, J. B. (1993)- Ecological roulette: the global transport of nonindigenous marine organisms. Science, 261(5117), 78-82. DOI: 10.1126/science.261.5117.78
  20. Carlton, J. T., Pew Oceans Commission. (2003)- Introduced species in US coastal waters: environmental impacts and management priorities.
  21. Tolian, R., Makhsoosi, A. H., Bushehri, P. K. (2020)- Investigation of heavy metals in the ballast water of ship tanks after and before the implementation of the ballast water convention: Bushehr Port, Persian Gulf, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 157, 111378. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111378
  22. Minchin, D. (2007)- Rapid coastal survey for targeted alien species associated with floating pontoons in Ireland, Aquatic Invasions, 2(1), 63-70. DOI: 10.3391/ai.2007.2.1.8
  23. Bax N.J. (1999)- Eradicating a dreissenid from Australia, Dreissena, 10:1–5.
  24. IMO Summary of Status of Conventions, (2023)- http://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/StatusOfConventions/Pages/Default.aspx. (Accessed 30 March 2024).
  25. Basurko, O. C., Mesbahi, E. (2011)- Statistical representativeness of ballast water sampling, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 225(3), 183-190. DOI: 10.1177/14750902114126
  26. David, M., Gollasch, S., Penko, L. (2018)- Identification of ballast water discharge profiles of a port to enable effective ballast water management and environmental studies, Journal of sea research, 133, 60-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2017.03.001
  27. David, M., Gollasch, S. (2008)- EU shipping in the dawn of managing the ballast water issue, Marine pollution bulletin, 56(12), 1966-1972. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.09.027
  28. Wang, T. N., Bailey, S. A., Reid, D. F., Johengen, T. H., Jenkins, P. T., Wiley, C. J., MacIsaac, H. J. (2012)- Efficacy of NaCl brine for treatment of ballast water against freshwater invasions, Journal of Great Lakes Research, 38(1), 72-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.10.001
  29. Bax N.J. (1999)- Eradicating a dreissenid from Australia, Dreissena, 10:1–5.
  30. IMO Summary of Status of Conventions, (2023)- http://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/StatusOfConventions/Pages/Default.aspx. (Accessed 30 March 2024).
  31. Bax N.J. (1999)- Eradicating a dreissenid from Australia, Dreissena, 10:1–5.
  32. IMO Summary of Status of Conventions, (2023)- http://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/StatusOfConventions/Pages/Default.aspx. (Accessed 30 March 2024).
  33. David, M., Perkovič, M., Suban, V.,Gollasch, S. (2012)- A generic ballast water discharge assessment model as a decision supporting tool in ballast water management, Decision support systems, 53(1), 175-185. DOI: 10.1016/j.dss.2012.01.002
  34. AQIS (Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service) (1993)- Ballast water management. Ballast water research series report no 4, AustralianQuarantine and Inspection Service, AGPS Canberra
  35. Carlton, J. T., Reid, D. M.,Van Leeuwen, H. (1995)- Shipping study: the role of shipping in the introduction of nonindigenous aquatic organisms to the coastal waters of the United States (other than the Great Lakes) and an analysis of control options.
  36. Walters S (1996)- Ballast water, hull fouling and exotic marine organism introductions via ships – a Victorian study, Publication 494, Environment Protection Authority, Victoria.
  37. Hay C., Tanis D. (1998)- Mid ocean ballast water exchange: procedures, effectiveness and verification, Cawthron report no. 468, Wellington.
  38. Perkovič M., David M., Suban V. (2003)- Škodljivi vnosi in upravljanje balastnih vod v slovenskem morju : raziskovalni project (L-3208), Model za ugotavljanje balastnih kapacitet in statistični prikaz izpusta balasta v slovenskem morju za obdobje 1990–2002: projektno poročilo št., 1. Portorož: Fak. za pomorstvo in promet.
PDF
  • Publication Year: 2024
  • Pages: 977-987

XML
  • Publication Year: 2024

Chapter Information

Chapter Title

Estimating the Amount of Ballast Water from Ships in the Mediterranean: Antalya Bay Case Study

Authors

Ömer Harun Özkaynak, Gönül Tuğrul İçemer

Language

Italian

DOI

10.36253/979-12-215-0556-6.85

Peer Reviewed

Publication Year

2024

Copyright Information

© 2024 Author(s)

Content License

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Metadata License

CC0 1.0

Bibliographic Information

Book Title

Tenth International Symposium Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas: Problems and Measurement Techniques

Book Subtitle

Livorno (Italy) 11th-13th June 2024

Editors

Laura Bonora, Marcantonio Catelani, Matteo De Vincenzi, Giorgio Matteucci

Peer Reviewed

Publication Year

2024

Copyright Information

© 2024 Author(s)

Content License

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Metadata License

CC0 1.0

Publisher Name

Firenze University Press

DOI

10.36253/979-12-215-0556-6

eISBN (pdf)

979-12-215-0556-6

eISBN (xml)

979-12-215-0557-3

Series Title

Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas: Problems and Measurement Techniques

Series E-ISSN

2975-0288

0

Fulltext
downloads

0

Views

Export Citation

1,374

Open Access Books

in the Catalogue

2,545

Book Chapters

4,035,911

Fulltext
downloads

4,923

Authors

from 1036 Research Institutions

of 66 Nations

70

scientific boards

from 375 Research Institutions

of 44 Nations

1,258

Referees

from 383 Research Institutions

of 38 Nations