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The regional gender equality index (R-GEI) through PLS-PM models

  • Sara Preti
  • Enrico di Bella
  • Leonardo Salvatore Alaimo
  • Annalisa Bellino

Gender equality is a pressing and globally relevant issue that has gained increasing attention in recent years. While various indicators have been proposed to measure gender equality, studies that analyze its regional variability remain limited and underexplored. In this study, we develop a composite gender equality index for each Italian region using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM). This methodological approach not only enables us to synthesize the multiple dimensions of the complex phenomenon of gender equality but also allows us to examine the relationships and relative influence of each individual indicator. To construct our Regional Gender Equality Index (R-GEI), we draw on widely recognized indicators used in the literature, particularly those employed by the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) in developing its Gender Equality Index (GEI). The analysis focuses on two specific years - 2013 and 2022 - allowing us to assess potential changes that may have occurred after the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings highlight the importance of analyzing gender gaps at the regional level to identify benchmark models, set strategic priorities, and guide targeted regional policy actions.

  • Keywords:
  • Single Digital Market,
  • Data governance,
  • NSIs,
  • Schema.gov.it,
  • Semantic interoperability,
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Sara Preti

University of Genoa, Italy - ORCID: 0000-0002-7424-9998

Enrico di Bella

University of Genoa, Italy - ORCID: 0000-0002-2792-3476

Leonardo Salvatore Alaimo

Sapienza University of Rome, Italy - ORCID: 0000-0002-9785-0436

Annalisa Bellino

Regione Puglia, Italy

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  3. Cataldo, R., Grassia, M. G., Lauro, C.N., Marino, M. (2017). Developments in Higher-Order PLS-PM for the building of a system of Composite Indicators. Quality & Quantity, 51(2), pp. 657-674. DOI: 10.1007/s11135-016-0431-1
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  5. Crocetta, C., Antonucci, L., Cataldo, R., Galasso, R., Grassia, M.G., Lauro, C.N., Marino, M. (2021). Higher-order PLS-PM approach for different types of constructs. Social Indicators Research, 154(2), pp. 725-754. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-020-02563-w
  6. EIGE (2025). Gender Equality Index 2024 - Tackling Violence Against Women, Tackling Gender Inequalities. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, (LU).
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  • Anno di pubblicazione: 2026
  • Pagine: 333-338

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  • Anno di pubblicazione: 2026

Informazioni sul capitolo

Titolo del capitolo

The regional gender equality index (R-GEI) through PLS-PM models

Autori

Sara Preti, Enrico di Bella, Leonardo Salvatore Alaimo, Annalisa Bellino

Lingua

Inglese

DOI

10.36253/979-12-215-1062-1.58

Opera sottoposta a peer review

Anno di pubblicazione

2026

Copyright

© 2026 Author(s)

Licenza d'uso

CC BY 4.0

Licenza dei metadati

CC0 1.0

Informazioni bibliografiche

Titolo del libro

Data, Statistics and AI for Well-Being of People and Organisations

Curatori

Luigi Fabbris, Alberto Franci, Pietro Renzi

Opera sottoposta a peer review

Numero di pagine

420

Anno di pubblicazione

2026

Copyright

© 2026 Author(s)

Licenza d'uso

CC BY 4.0

Licenza dei metadati

CC0 1.0

Editore

Firenze University Press

DOI

10.36253/979-12-215-1062-1

ISBN Print

979-12-215-1061-4

eISBN (pdf)

979-12-215-1062-1

eISBN (xml)

979-12-215-1063-8

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Applied Statistics Series

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