Book Chapter

Socio-economic inequalities during the conjuncture of the fourteenth century: sources and methods, dynamics and representations (Italy and Europe, c. 1270 - c. 1350). An outline

  • Davide Cristoferi

Century conjuncture, integrating the main findings of the essays of this edited volume with further evidence and insights from past and current research. After setting out the historiographical context of the volume, the chapter discusses the aims, timeframe and concepts used. The core of the chapter is then divided into four sections, each focusing on the sources, proxies and methods used to study inequality, the quantitative and qualitative evidence found, and the perceptions, representations and responses to the unequal distribution of wealth and opportunity in Western Europe and Central-Northern Italy between 1270 and 1347. The chapter concludes by discussing the development and causalities of the evolution of socio-economic inequalities during the fourteenth-century conjuncture.

  • Keywords:
  • Middle Ages,
  • c. 1270 - c. 1350,
  • Western Europe,
  • Central-Northern Italy,
  • conjuncture,
  • socio-economic inequalities,
+ Show More

Davide Cristoferi

Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium - ORCID: 0000-0002-8387-8091

  1. Abel, Wilhelm. Agrarkrisen und Agrarkonjunktur: eine Geschichte der Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft Mitteleuropas seit dem hohen Mittelalter. Hamburg-Berlin: Verlag Paul Parey, 1935 (rev. ed. 1966)
  2. Alfani, Guido. “Economic Inequality in Northwestern Italy: A Long-Term View (Fourteenth to Eighteenth Centuries).” Journal of Economic History 75, no. 4 (2015): 1058-96 DOI: 10.1017/S0022050715001539
  3. Alfani, Guido. “Economic Inequality in Preindustrial Europe, 1300-1800: methods and results from the EINITE project.” In Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effects, ed. by Giampiero Nigro, 37-64 (Datini Studies in Economic History, 1). Firenze: Firenze University Press, 2020 DOI: 10.36253/978-88-5518-053-5.07
  4. Alfani, Guido. “Economic Inequality in Preindustrial Times: Europe and Beyond.” Journal of Economic Literature 59, no. 1 (2021): 3-44 DOI: 10.1257/jel.20191449
  5. Alfani, Guido. “Epidemics, Inequality, and Poverty in Preindustrial and Early Industrial Times.” Journal of Economic Literature 60, no. 1 (2022): 3-40 DOI: 10.1257/jel.20201640
  6. Alfani, Guido. As Gods Among Men: A History of the Rich in the West. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press, 2023
  7. Alfani, Guido, and Francesco Ammannati. “Long-term trends in economic inequality: the case of the Florentine state, c. 1300–1800.” Economic History Review 70, no. 4 (2017): 1072-102 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.12471
  8. Alfani, Guido, and Matteo Di Tullio. The Lion’s Share: Inequality and the Rise of the Fiscal State in Preindustrial Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019 DOI: 10.1017/9781108568043
  9. Alfani, Guido, and Roberta Frigeni. “Inequality (Un)perceived: The Emergence of a Discourse on Economic Inequality from the Middle Ages to the Age of Revolution.” The Journal of European Economic History, 1 (2016): 21-66
  10. Alfani, Guido, and Hector García Montero. “Wealth inequality in pre-industrial England: A long-term view (late thirteenth to sixteenth centuries).” Economic History Review 75, no. 4 (2022): 1314-48 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13158
  11. Alfani, Guido, Victoria Gierok, and Felix Schaff. “Economic Inequality in Preindustrial Germany, ca. 1300–1850.” Journal of Economic History 82, no. 1 (2022): 87-125 DOI: 10.1017/S0022050721000607
  12. Alfani, Guido, and Cormac Ó Gráda, ed. Famine in European History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017 DOI: 10.1017/9781316841235
  13. Alfani, Guido, and Wouter Ryckbosch. “Growing apart in early modern Europe? A comparison of inequality trends in Italy and the Low Countries, 1500–1800.” Explorations in Economic History 62 (2016): 143-53
  14. Alfani, Guido, and Sergio Sardone. “Long-term trends in income and wealth inequality in southern Italy. The Kingdom of Naples (Apulia), sixteenth to eighteenth centuries.” Explorations in Economic History 95 (2025): 1-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2024.101646
  15. Alfani, Guido, and Erik Thoen, ed. Inequality in rural Europe (Late Middle Ages-18th century) (Comparative Rural History of the North Sea Area, 18). Turnhout: Brepols, 2020 DOI: 10.1484/M.CORN-EB.5.120837
  16. Alfonso, Helena, Marcelo LaFleur, and Diana Alarcón. “Concepts of Inequality.” Development Issues 1, ONU, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, October 2015
  17. Ammannati, Francesco. “La disuguaglianza economica in area marchigiana: uno studio di lungo periodo (1400-1800).” In Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effects, ed. by Giampiero Nigro, 37-64 (Datini Studies in Economic History, 1). Firenze: Firenze University Press, 2020 DOI: 10.36253/978-88-5518-053-5.08
  18. Ammannati, Francesco, cur. Dove va la storia economica? Metodi e prospettive secc. XIII-XVIII / Where is economic history going? Methods and prospects from the 13th to the 18th centuries. Firenze: Firenze University Press, 2011 DOI: 10.36253/978-88-6453-287-5
  19. Ammannati, Francesco. “La Peste Nera e la distribuzione della proprietà nella Lucchesia del tardo medioevo.” Popolazione e Storia 2 (2015): 21-45
  20. Banerjee, Abhijit V., and Esther Duflo. Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty. New York (NY): PublicAffairs, 2012
  21. Benito i Monclus, Pere, ed. Crisis alimentarias en la Edad Media. Modelos, explicaciones y representaciones. Lleida: Editorial Milenio, 2013
  22. Benito i Monclus, Pere, y Antoni Riera i Melis, ed. Guerra y carestía en la Europa medieval. Lleida: Editorial Milenio, 2014
  23. Benito, Pere, Sandro Carocci, et Laurent Feller, éd. Économies de la pauvreté au Moyen Âge (Collection de la Casa de Velazquez, 194). Madrid-Rome: École française de Rome-Casa de Velazquez, 2023 DOI: 10.4000/books.cvz.41655
  24. Bertoni, Laura. “Costi e profitti della guerra.” In Guerre ed eserciti nel Medioevo, a cura di Paolo Grillo, e Aldo A. Settia, 221-47. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2018
  25. Blondé, Bruno, Sam Geens, Hilde Greefs, Wouter Ryckbosch, Tim Soens, and Peter Stabel, ed. Inequality and the City in the Low Countries (1200-2020) (Studies in European Urban History (1100-1800), 50). Turnhout: Brepols, 2020 DOI: 10.1484/M.SEUH-EB.5.119604
  26. Boisseuil, Didier, et Laurent Feller. “Fortunes médiévales.” Dans Fortunes, richesse, pouvoir, éd. par Didier Boisseuil, et Laurent Feller. Médiévales 83, no. 2 (2022): 5-10 DOI: 10.4000/medievales.12573
  27. Bourin, Monique, Sandro Carocci, François Menant, et Lluis To Figueras. “Les campagnes de la Méditerranée autour de 1300 : tensions destructrices, tensions novatrices.” Annales. Histoire, Science Sociales 66, no. 33 (2011): 663-704 DOI: 10.1017/S0395264900011082
  28. Bourin Monique, Giovanni Cherubini, e Giuliano Pinto, cur. Rivolte urbane e rivolte contadine nell’Europa del Trecento. Un confronto. Firenze: Firenze University Press, 2008 DOI: 10.36253/978-88-8453-883-3
  29. Bourin, Monique, John Drendel, et François Menant, éd. Les disettes dans la conjoncture de 1300 en Méditerranée occidentale (Collection de l’École française de Rome, 450). Rome: École française de Rome, 2011
  30. Bourin, Monique, François Menant, et Lluis To Figueras. Dynamiques du monde rural dans la conjoncture de 1300 (Collection de l’École française de Rome, 490). Rome: École française de Rome, 2014
  31. Bourin, Monique, François Menant, et Lluis To Figueras. “Les campagnes européennes avant la Peste : préliminaires historiographiques pour de nouvelles approches méditerranéennes.” Dans Dynamiques du monde rural dans la conjoncture de 1300, éd. par Monique Bourin, François Menant, et Lluis To Figueras, 9-101 (Collection de l’École française de Rome, 490). Rome: École française de Rome, 2014 DOI: 10.1400/221846
  32. Braudel, Fernand. On History, translated by Sarah Matthews. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1980
  33. Burnouf, Joëlle. Archéologie médiévale en France. Le second Moyen Age (XIIe-XVIe siècle). Paris: La Découverte, 2008
  34. Campbell, Bruce M.S. The Great Transition: Climate, Disease and Society in the Late-Medieval World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016 DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139031110
  35. Carocci, Sandro. “Conclusioni.” Dans Économies de la pauvreté au Moyen Âge, éd. par Pere Benito, Sandro Carocci, et Laurent Feller, 399-411 (Collection de la Casa de Velazquez, 194). Madrid-Rome: École française de Rome-Casa de Velazquez, 2023 DOI: 10.4000/books.cvz.42030
  36. Carocci, Sandro. “Il dibattito teorico sulla ‘Congiuntura del Trecento’.” In La congiuntura del Trecento, a cura di Alessandra Molinari. «Archeologia Medievale», 43 (2016): 17-32
  37. Carocci, Sandro, cur. La mobilità sociale nel medioevo (Collection de l’École française de Rome, 436). Rome: École française de Rome, 2010
  38. Carocci, Sandro, and Isabella Lazzarini, ed. Social mobility in Medieval Italy (1100-1500). Roma: Viella, 2018
  39. Carvajal de la Vega, David, Hilario Casado Alonso, Esther Tello Hernández, y Lluís To Figueras, ed. La desigualdad económica en España (siglos XIV-XVII): Nuevas aproximaciones a viejos problemas. Madrid: Sílex, 2024
  40. Cherubini, Giovanni. “Proprietari, contadini e campagne senesi all’inizio del Trecento.” In Signori contadini borghesi. Ricerche sulla società italiana del basso Medioevo, 231-312. Firenze: La Nuova Italia, 1974
  41. Le città del Mediterraneo all’apogeo dello sviluppo medievale: aspetti economici e sociali. Atti del Diciottesimo Convegno Internazionale di Studi (Pistoia, 18-21 maggio 2001). Pistoia: Centro Italiano di Studi di Storia e d’Arte, 2003
  42. Cohn, Samuel K. Lust for Liberty. The Politics of Social Revolt in Medieval Europe, 1200-1425. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press, 2006
  43. Cohn, Samuel K. Paradoxes of Inequality in Renaissance Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021 DOI: 10.1017/9781108980586
  44. Collavini, Simone, e Giuseppe Petralia, cur. La mobilità sociale nel medioevo italiano, vol. 4, Cambiamento economico e dinamiche sociali (secoli XI-XIV). Roma: Viella, 2019
  45. Construir para perdurar. Riqueza petrificada e identidad social. Siglos XI-XIV. Pamplona: Gobierno de Navarra, 2022
  46. Cowell, Frank. A., Measuring Inequality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011
  47. La crescita economica dell’Occidente medievale: un tema storico non ancora esaurito (Centro Italiano di Studi di Storia e d’Arte – Pistoia. Atti, 25). Roma: Viella, 2017
  48. Cristoferi, Davide. “The Ties that Bind: Mezzadria and Labour Regulations after the Black Death in Florence and Siena, 1348–c.1500.” In Labour laws in Europe 1350-1850, ed. by Jane Whittle, and Thijs Lambrecht, 78-99. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2023 DOI: 10.2307/jj.9192211.10
  49. Curtis, Daniel R. Coping with Crisis: The Resilience and Vulnerability of Pre-Industrial Settlements. London-New York (NY): Routledge, 2014
  50. de Divitiis, Bianca. “Architecture and Social Mobility: New Approches to the Southern Renaissance.” In Social mobility in Medieval Italy (1100-1500), ed. by Sandro Carocci, and Isabella Lazzarini, 263-84. Roma: Viella, 2018
  51. De Keizer, Maïka. “How was City Life?: Moving beyond GDP and Real Income to Measure Pre-modern Welfare and Inequality Levels.” In Inequality and the City in the Low Countries (1200-2020), ed. by Bruno Blondé, Sam Geens, Hilde Greefs, Wouter Ryckbosch, Tim Soens, and Peter Stabel, 359-76 (Studies in European Urban History (1100-1800), 50). Turnhout: Brepols, 2020 DOI: 10.1484/M.SEUH-EB.5.120455
  52. De Pleijt, Alexandra M., and Jan Luiten van Zanden. “Two worlds of female labour: gender wage inequality in western Europe, 1300-1800.” Economic History Review, 74, no. 3 (2021), 611-38 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13045
  53. Drendel, John, ed. Crisis in Later Middle Ages. Beyond the Postan-Duby Paradigm (The Medieval Countryside, 13). Turnhout: Brepols, 2015 DOI: 10.1484/M.TMC.5.107646
  54. Drendel, John, “Introduction.” In Crisis in Later Middle Ages. Beyond the Postan-Duby Paradigm, ed. by John Drendel, 1-13 (The Medieval Countryside, 13). Turnhout: Brepols, 2015 DOI: 10.1484/M.TMC.5.103781
  55. Dumolyn, Jan, and Jelle Haemers, “‘A bad chicken was brooding’: subversive speech in late medieval Flanders.” Past and Present, 214, no. 1 (2012): 45-86 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtr041
  56. Dyer, Christopher. An age of transition? Economy and society in England in the later Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198221661.001.0001
  57. Europa en los umbrales de la crisis (1250-1350). Actas de la XXI Semana de Estudios Medievales de Estella, 18 al 22 de julio de 1994. Pamplona: Gobierno de Navarra, 1995
  58. Fara, Andrea. “Emarginazione, esclusione, marginalità, disuguaglianza. Considerazioni e linee di dibattito tra storia medievale e storia economica.” In Figure ai margini: nella storia, nell’arte e nella letteratura (Roma e dintorni, XV-XVI secolo), a cura di Giuseppe Crimi, e Anna Esposito, 1-30. Roma: Roma nel Rinascimento, 2021
  59. Feller, Laurent. “Introduction.” Dans Économies de la pauvreté au Moyen Âge, éd. par Pere Benito, Sandro Carocci, et Laurent Feller, 1-18 (Collection de la Casa de Velazquez, 194). Madrid-Rome: École française de Rome-Casa de Velazquez, 2023 DOI: 10.4000/books.cvz.41790
  60. Feller, Laurent, Paolo Grillo, e Maddalena Moglia, cur. Donne e povertà nell’Europa mediterranea medievale. Roma: Viella, 2021
  61. Fourquin, Guy. Les campagnes de la région parisienne à la fin du Moyen Âge. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1964
  62. Franceschi, Franco. “Mobilità sociale e manifatture urbane nell’Italia centro-settentrionale dei secoli XIII-XV.” In La mobilità sociale nel Medioevo italiano. Competenze, conoscenze e saperi tra professioni e ruoli sociali (secc. XII-XV), a cura di Sergio Tognetti, e Lorenzo Tanzini, 77-101. Roma: Viella, 2016 DOI: 10.23744/1521
  63. Franceschi, Franco. “Salariato urbano e marginalità. Italia centro-settentrionale, secoli XIV-XV.” En En torno a la economía mediterránea medieval. Estudios dedicados a Paulino Iradiel, ed. por Antoni Furió, 87-107. València: Publicaciones de la Universitat de València, 2020
  64. Furió Antoni. “La crisis de la Baja Edad Media: en los orígenes de una construcción historiográfica.” En La historiografia medieval davant la crisi, ed. por Elisa Varela, 169-206. Girona: Documenta Universitaria, 2015
  65. Furió Antoni, ed. “Innovative peasants. Land property, investment, work and agrarian change in late Middle Ages”. Panel organized at the 4th Rural History Conference, Paris, September 2019
  66. Furió, Antoni, Pau Viciano, Luis Almenar Fernández, Lledó Ruiz Domingo, and Guillem Chismol. “Measuring economic inequality in Southern Europe: the Iberian Peninsula in the 14th-17th centuries.” In Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effect, ed. by Giampiero Nigro, 169-201 (Datini Studies in Economic History, 1). Firenze: Firenze University Press, 2020 DOI: 10.36253/978-88-5518-053-5.14
  67. Gazzini, Marina. “Albertano da Brescia e il benessere spirituale e civile nei comuni italiani: i sermoni ai confratelli causidici e notai (metà XIII secolo).” Archivio Storico Italiano, 658, no. 4 (2018): 615-44
  68. Geens, Sam. “A Golden Age for Labour? Income and Wealth before and after the Black Death in the Southern Low Countries and the Republic of Florence (1275-1550).” PhD thesis, University of Antwerp, 2023
  69. Ginatempo, Maria. “Processi di impoverimento nelle campagne e nei centri minori dell’Italia centrosettentrionale nel tardo medioevo.” Dans Économies de la pauvreté au Moyen Âge, éd. par Pere Benito, Sandro Carocci, et Laurent Feller, 21-44 (Collection de la Casa de Velazquez, 194). Madrid-Rome: Casa de Velàzquez-École française de Rome, 2023 DOI: 10.4000/books.cvz.41800
  70. Gravela, Marta, ed. Certifying inequalities. Quaderni storici, 163, no. 55 (2020)
  71. Grillo, Paolo. “«Pace, pace, morte ai dazi e alle gabelle!». Il peso della guerra nella Lombardia del primo Trecento.” In La congiuntura del primo Trecento in Lombardia (1290-1360), a cura di Paolo Grillo, e François Menant, 67-90 (Collection de l’École française de Rome, 555). Rome: École Française de Rome, 2019 DOI: 10.4000/books.efr.37505
  72. Grillo, Paolo, e François Menant, cur. La congiuntura del primo Trecento in Lombardia (1290-1360) (Collection de l’École française de Rome, 555). Rome: École Française de Rome, 2019 DOI: 10.4000/books.efr.37425
  73. Grohmann, Alberto. Città e territorio tra medioevo ed età moderna (Perugia, secc. XIII-XVI), 2 tt. Perugia: Volumnia editrice, 2006 (1° ed. 1981)
  74. Grohmann, Alberto. “Considerazioni conclusive.” In La crescita economica dell’Occidente medievale: un tema storico non ancora esaurito, 447-62 (Centro Italiano di Studi di Storia e d’Arte – Pistoia. Atti, 25). Roma: Viella, 2017
  75. Hinton, David A. Archaeology, Economy and Society. England from the Fifth to the Fifteenth Century. London-New York (NY): Routledge, 1990
  76. Hudson, Pat, and Mina Ishizu. History by numbers. An introduction to Quantitative Approaches. London: Bloomsbury, 2017 (first ed. 2000).
  77. Italia 1350-1450: tra crisi, trasformazione, sviluppo. Atti del Tredicesimo Convegno Internazionale di Studi (Pistoia, 10-13 maggio 1991). Pistoia: Centro Italiano di Studi di Storia e d’Arte, 1992
  78. Iradiel, Paulino. “De ‘hija de la pestilencia’ a ‘Oro blanco’ de la economía. Ganadería, lana y especialización regional en el espacio nororiental ibérico (siglos XIV-XV). Rivista di Storia dell’Agricoltura, 63, no. 1 (2023): 33-58 DOI: 10.35948/0557-1359/2024.2360
  79. Kamalvanshi, Virendra, and Saket Kushwaha. “Economic Inequality: Measures and Causes.” In Reduced Inequalities. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, ed. by Walter Leal Filho, Anabela Marisa Azul, Luciana Brandli, Amanda Lange Salvia, Pinar Gökçin Özuyar, and Tony Wall, 135-46. Berlin: Springer, 2021
  80. Kuznets, Simon. “Economic growth and income inequality.” American Economic Review 45 (1955): 1-28
  81. Lambrecht, Thijs. “Si Grant Inégalité?: Town, Countryside and Taxation in Flanders, c. 1350 – c. 1500.” In Inequality and the City in the Low Countries (1200-2020), ed. by Bruno Blondé, Sam Geens, Hilde Greefs, Wouter Ryckbosch, Tim Soens, and Peter Stabel, 153-67 (Studies in European Urban History (1100-1800), 50). Turnhout: Brepols, 2020 DOI: 10.1484/M.SEUH-EB.5.120443
  82. Luongo, Alberto. “Gli ospedali civici in Toscana: le città (1250-1400).” In Alle origini del welfare: radici medievali e moderne della cultura europea dell'assistenza, a cura di Gabriella Piccinni, 83-104. Roma: Viella, 2020 DOI: 10.23744/3738
  83. Mainoni, Patrizia. “Finanza e fiscalità nella prima metà del Trecento.” In La congiuntura del primo Trecento in Lombardia (1290-1360), a cura di Paolo Grillo, e François Menant, 19-42 (Collection de l’École française de Rome, 555). Rome: École Française de Rome, 2019 DOI: 10.4000/books.efr.37475
  84. Maire Vigueur, Jean-Claude. “Conclusions.” In Social mobility in Medieval Italy (1100-1500), ed. by Sandro Carocci, and Isabella Lazzarini, 391-400. Roma: Viella, 2018
  85. Malanima, Paolo. “Crescita e ineguaglianza nell’Europa preindustriale.” Rivista di storia economica 2 (2000): 189-212 DOI: 10.1410/9890
  86. Malanima, Paolo. “Ineguaglianze economiche. Le certezze e le incertezze.” In Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effects, a cura di Giampiero Nigro, 3-18 (Datini Studies in Economic History, 1). Firenze: Firenze University Press, 2020 DOI: 10.36253/978-88-5518-053-5.05
  87. Milanovic, Branko. Global inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press, 2016
  88. Milanovic, Branko. Visions of Inequality: From the French Revolution to the End of the Cold War. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press, 2023
  89. Milanovic, Branko, Peter H. Lindert, and Jeffrey G. Williamson. “Pre-Industrial Inequality.” The Economic Journal 121, no. 551 (2011): 255-72 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02403.x
  90. Molinari, Alessandra, cur. La congiuntura del Trecento. Archeologia Medievale, 43 (2016)
  91. Mollat, Michel. Les pauvres au Moyen Âge. Étude sociale. Paris: Hachette, 1978
  92. Morelló Baget, Jordi, Pere Orti Gost, Albert Reixach Sala, and Pere Verdés Pijuan. “A study of economic inequality in the light of fiscal sources: the case of Catalonia (14th-18th centuries).” In Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effect, ed. by Giampiero Nigro, 145-67 (Datini Studies in Economic History, 1). Firenze: Firenze University Press, 2020 DOI: 10.36253/978-88-5518-053-5.13
  93. Muzzarelli, Maria Giuseppina. Guardaroba medievale. Vesti e società dal XIII al XVI secolo. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2009
  94. Nigro, Giampiero, ed. Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effects (Datini Studies in Economic History, 1). Firenze: Firenze University Press, 2020 DOI: 10.36253/978-88-5518-053-5
  95. Una nuova cultura del consumo? Paradigma italiano ed esperienze europee nel tardo medioevo (Centro Italiano di Studi di Storia e d’Arte – Pistoia. Atti, 27). Roma: Viella, 2021
  96. Palermo, Luciano, Andrea Fara, y Pere Benito, ed. Políticas contra el hambre y la carestía en la Europa medieval. Lleida: Editorial Milenio, 2018
  97. Palmeri, Pietro. “Sulla Q. 13 De avaritia nella Quaestio disputata de malo di Tommaso d'Aquino.” In I beni di questo mondo. Teorie etico-economiche nel laboratorio dell'Europa medievale, a cura di Roberto Lambertini, e Leonardo Sileo, 157-72 (Textes et Etudes du Moyen Âge, 55). Turnhout: Brepols, 2010 DOI: 10.1484/M.TEMA-EB.4.00864
  98. Piccinni, Gabriella. “All’apogeo: quale società? Uguaglianze e diseguaglianze nell’Italia medievale.” In La crescita economica dell’Occidente medievale: un tema storico non ancora esaurito, 383-408 (Centro Italiano di Studi di Storia e d’Arte – Pistoia. Atti, 25). Roma: Viella, 2017
  99. Piccinni, Gabriella, cur. Alle origini del Welfare (XIII-XVI secolo). Radici medievali e moderne della cultura europea dell’assistenza. Roma: Viella, 2020
  100. Piccinni, Gabriella. “La ricerca del benessere individuale e sociale. Ingredienti materiali e immateriali (città italiane, XII-XV secolo). Introduzione al convegno.” In La ricerca del benessere individuale e sociale. Ingredienti materiali e immateriali (città italiane, XII-XV secolo), 1-25 (Centro Italiano di Studi di Storia e d’Arte - Pistoia. Atti, 22). Roma: Viella, 2011
  101. Piccinni, Gabriella. “Signori, contadini, borghesi. Una recensione tardiva.” In Uomini paesaggi storie. Studi di storia medieval per Giovanni Cherubini, a cura di Duccio Balestracci, Andrea Barlucchi, Franco Franceschi, Paolo Nanni, Gabriella Piccinni, Andrea Zorzi, 1193-1206. Siena: Salvietti&Barabuffi, 2012
  102. Piketty, Thomas. Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press, 2014 (ed. or. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2013)
  103. Piketty, Thomas. Capital and Ideology. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press, 2019 (ed. or. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2019)
  104. Pinto, Giuliano. “Food Security.” In A Cultural History of Food in the Medieval Age, ed. by Massimo Montanari, 57-71. London: Bloomsbury, 2014
  105. Pinto, Giuliano. Il libro del Biadaiolo. Carestie e annona a Firenze dalla metà del '200 al 1348. Firenze: L.S. Olschki, 1978
  106. Pinto, Giuliano. “Ricchezza e povertà nelle città toscane del Trecento.” In Il lavoro, la povertà, l’assistenza. Ricerche sulla società medievale, 93-108. Roma: Viella, 2008
  107. La ricerca del benessere individuale e sociale. Ingredienti materiali e immateriali (città italiane, XII-XV secolo) (Centro Italiano di Studi di Storia e d’Arte - Pistoia. Atti, 22). Roma: Viella, 2011
  108. Ricos y pobres: opulencia y desarraigo en el Occidente medieval. Actas de la XXXVI Semana de Estudios Medievales de Estella, 20 al 24 de julio de 2009. Pamplona: Gobierno de Navarra, 2010
  109. Scheidel, Walter. The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press, 2018
  110. Sen, Amartya. Inequality Reexamined. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press, 1992
  111. Sen, Amartya. Resources, Values and Development. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984
  112. Senatore, Francesco, and Pierluigi Terenzi. “Aspects of Social Mobility in the Towns of the Kingdom of Naples (1300-1500).” In Social mobility in Medieval Italy (1100-1500), ed. by Sandro Carocci, and Isabella Lazzarini, 247-62. Roma: Viella, 2018
  113. Silvestri, Alessandro. “Social Mobility in Late Medieval Sicily: Continuity and Change.” In Social mobility in Medieval Italy (1100-1500), ed. by Sandro Carocci, and Isabella Lazzarini, 285-302. Roma: Viella, 2018
  114. Smith, Michael E. “Braudel’s temporal rhythms and chronology theory in archaeology.” In Archaeology, Annales, and Ethnohistory. New Directions in Archaeology, ed. by A. Bernard Knapp, 23-34. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992 DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511759949.003
  115. Tilly, Charles. Durable Inequality. Berkeley-Los Angeles (CA): University of California Press, 1998
  116. Todeschini, Giacomo. Les Marchands et le Temple. La société chrétienne et le cercle vertueux de la richesse du Moyen Âge à l'Époque moderne, préface de Thomas Piketty. Paris: Albin Michel, 2017 (ed. or. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2002)
  117. Tognetti, Sergio. “Attività produttive, costo del lavoro e livello delle retribuzioni nelle città toscane al tempo di Dante e Boccaccio.” Memorie valdarnesi 188, no. 12 (2022): 11-42
  118. Vallerani, Massimo. “Certificare le disuguaglianze nel mondo comunale (Secoli XIII-XIV).” In Certifying inequalities, ed. by Marta Gravela. Quaderni storici, 163, no. 55 (2020): 71-98 DOI: 10.1408/98273
  119. van Bavel, Bas, and Auke Rijpma. “How important were formalized charity and social spending before the rise of the welfare state? A long-run analysis of selected western European cases, 1400-1850.” Economic History Review, 69, no. 1 (2016): 159-87 DOI: 10.1111/ehr.12111
  120. van Zanden, Jan Luiten. “Tracing the beginning of the Kuznets curve: Western Europe during the early modern period.” Economic History Review, 48, no. 4 (1995): 643-64 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0289.1995.tb01437.x
  121. Vilar, Pierre. Iniciación al vocabulario del análisis histórico. Barcelona: Editorial Crítica, 1980
PDF
  • Publication Year: 2025
  • Pages: 1-40
  • Content License: CC BY 4.0
  • © 2025 Author(s)

XML
  • Publication Year: 2025
  • Content License: CC BY 4.0
  • © 2025 Author(s)

Chapter Information

Chapter Title

Socio-economic inequalities during the conjuncture of the fourteenth century: sources and methods, dynamics and representations (Italy and Europe, c. 1270 - c. 1350). An outline

Authors

Davide Cristoferi

Language

English

DOI

10.36253/979-12-215-0705-8.02

Peer Reviewed

Publication Year

2025

Copyright Information

© 2025 Author(s)

Content License

CC BY 4.0

Metadata License

CC0 1.0

Bibliographic Information

Book Title

Socio-Economic Inequalities during the Conjuncture of the Fourteenth Century

Book Subtitle

Sources and Methods, Dynamics and Representations (Italy and Europe, c. 1270 - c. 1350)

Editors

Davide Cristoferi

Peer Reviewed

Number of Pages

458

Publication Year

2025

Copyright Information

© 2025 Author(s)

Content License

CC BY 4.0

Metadata License

CC0 1.0

Publisher Name

Firenze University Press

DOI

10.36253/979-12-215-0705-8

ISBN Print

979-12-215-0699-0

eISBN (pdf)

979-12-215-0705-8

eISBN (xml)

979-12-215-0707-2

Series Title

Reti Medievali E-Book

Series ISSN

2704-6362

Series E-ISSN

2704-6079

0

Fulltext
downloads

0

Views

Export Citation

1,410

Open Access Books

in the Catalogue

2,682

Book Chapters

4,459,874

Fulltext
downloads

5,064

Authors

from 1080 Research Institutions

of 66 Nations

71

scientific boards

from 381 Research Institutions

of 43 Nations

1,311

Referees

from 402 Research Institutions

of 38 Nations