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Book Chapter

La chirurgia carotidea nell’esperienza della scuola fiorentina

  • Carlo Pratesi
  • Alessandro Alessi Innocenti
  • Elena Giacomelli
  • Walter Dorigo
  • Sara Speziali
  • Rossella Di Domenico
  • Roberto Falso
  • Leonidas Azas
  • Emiliano Chiti
  • Raffaele Pulli

The experience of the Florentine School in carotid surgery integrates genetic research, clinical selection, imaging, and surgical–anesthesiological innovations. This personalized approach has improved timing and safety of CEA, achieving excellent perioperative and long-term outcomes, even in complex cases.

  • Keywords:
  • Carotid surgery,
  • Outcomes,
  • Neurological monitoring,
  • Surgical techniques,
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Carlo Pratesi

University of Florence, Italy - ORCID: 0000-0003-1815-4158

Alessandro Alessi Innocenti

University of Florence, Italy

Elena Giacomelli

University of Florence, Italy

Walter Dorigo

University of Florence, Italy - ORCID: 0000-0003-3814-5961

Sara Speziali

University of Florence, Italy

Rossella Di Domenico

University of Florence, Italy

Roberto Falso

University of Florence, Italy - ORCID: 0009-0005-0173-7498

Leonidas Azas

University of Florence, Italy

Emiliano Chiti

University of Florence, Italy

Raffaele Pulli

University of Florence, Italy - ORCID: 0000-0003-1343-437X

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  2. Amantini, A. et al. 1992. “Monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials during carotid endarterectomy.” Journal of Neurology 239 (5): 241–47.
  3. Bevilacqua, S. et al. 2009. “Anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy: the third option. Patient cooperation during general anesthesia.” Anesthesia & Analgesia 108 (6): 1929–36.
  4. Bevilacqua, S. et al. 2009. “Patient cooperation during general anesthesia for combined carotid and coronary artery surgery.” Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 23 (3): 439–40.
  5. Bevilacqua, S. et al. 2011. “Asleep–awake–asleep technique during carotid endarterectomy.” Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 25 (3): 580–81.
  6. Bevilacqua, S. et al. 2022. “Outcome analysis of synchronous carotid endarterectomy and cardiac surgery. Comparison of two anesthetic techniques after propensity score-matching.” Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 63 (4): 445–53.
  7. Campolmi, M. et al. 2025. “Preliminary study on the use of contrast ultrasound in the preoperative workup of patient-candidates for carotid endarterectomy.” Journal of Vascular Surgery: Cases, Innovations and Techniques 11 (4): 101815.
  8. De Blasis, S. et al. 2023. “Elective or urgent carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients: analysis based on the type and timing of neurological symptoms.” Annals of Vascular Surgery 90: 7–16.
  9. Dorigo, W. et al. 2009. “Carotid endarterectomy in female patients.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 50 (6): 1301–6.
  10. Dorigo, W. et al. 2011. “Early and long-term results of carotid endarterectomy in diabetic patients.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 53 (1): 44–52.
  11. Dorigo, W. et al. 2011. “Urgent carotid endarterectomy in patients with recent/crescendo transient ischaemic attacks or acute stroke.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 41 (3): 351–57.
  12. Dorigo, W. et al. 2013. “Comparison of open and endovascular treatments of post-carotid endarterectomy restenosis.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 45 (5): 437–42.
  13. Dorigo, W. et al. 2018. “A matched case-control study on early and late results of carotid endarterectomy performed in young patients.” World Journal of Surgery 42 (1): 263–71.
  14. Dorigo, W. et al. 2018. “A propensity matched comparison for open and endovascular treatment of post-carotid endarterectomy restenosis.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 55 (2): 153–61.
  15. Dorigo, W. et al. 2025. “Cranial nerve injuries post carotid endarterectomy: a 15-year prospective study with routine otolaryngologist and neurological evaluation.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 81 (1): 158–64.
  16. Fatini, C. et al. 2004. “Influence of eNOS gene polymorphisms on carotid atherosclerosis.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 27 (5): 540–44.
  17. Fokkema, M. et al. 2015. “Stenting versus endarterectomy for restenosis following prior ipsilateral carotid endarterectomy: an individual patient data meta-analysis.” Annals of Surgery 261 (3): 598–604.
  18. Franchin, M. et al. 2022. “Predicting early mortality following single-stage coronary artery or valve surgery and carotid endarterectomy.” Journal of Cardiac Surgery 37 (12): 4692–97.
  19. Giacomelli, E. et al. 2025. “Sex-related outcomes in asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis undergoing carotid endarterectomy.” Journal of Surgical Research 305: 204–13.
  20. Lanza, G. et al. 2022. “Guideline on carotid surgery for stroke prevention: updates from the Italian Society of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. A trend towards personalized medicine.” Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 63 (4): 471–91.
  21. Naylor, R. et al. 2023. “Editor’s choice–European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2023 clinical practice guidelines on the management of atherosclerotic carotid and vertebral artery disease.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 65 (1): 7–111.
  22. Pratesi, C. et al. 1995. “The role of endovascular surgery in carotid restenosis.” Journal of Endovascular Surgery 2 (1): 36–41.
  23. Pratesi, C. et al. 1996. “Routine ultrasound surveillance after carotid endarterectomy.” Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 37 (1): 7–12.
  24. Pratesi, C. et al. 2004. “Reducing the risk of intraoperative neurological complications during carotid endarterectomy with early distal control of the internal carotid artery.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 28 (6): 670–73.
  25. Pratesi, C. et al. 2006. “Routine completion angiography during carotid endarterectomy is not mandatory.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 32 (4): 369–73.
  26. Pulli, R. et al. 2002. “Carotid endarterectomy with contralateral carotid artery occlusion: is this a higher risk subgroup?” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 24 (1): 63–68.
  27. Pulli, R. et al. 2005. “Does the high-risk patient for carotid endarterectomy really exist?” American Journal of Surgery 189 (6): 714–19.
  28. Troisi, N. et al. 2011. “Preoperative cardiac assessment in patients undergoing major vascular surgery.” Vascular 19 (4): 178–86.
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  • Publication Year: 2026
  • Pages: 37-48
  • Content License: CC BY 4.0
  • © 2026 Author(s)

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  • Publication Year: 2026
  • Content License: CC BY 4.0
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Chapter Information

Chapter Title

La chirurgia carotidea nell’esperienza della scuola fiorentina

Authors

Carlo Pratesi, Alessandro Alessi Innocenti, Elena Giacomelli, Walter Dorigo, Sara Speziali, Rossella Di Domenico, Roberto Falso, Leonidas Azas, Emiliano Chiti, Raffaele Pulli

Language

Italian

DOI

10.36253/979-12-215-0880-2.05

Peer Reviewed

Publication Year

2026

Copyright Information

© 2026 Author(s)

Content License

CC BY 4.0

Metadata License

CC0 1.0

Bibliographic Information

Book Title

La Chirurgia Vascolare dell’Ateneo Fiorentino: 50 anni di storia

Editors

Carlo Pratesi, Raffaele Pulli

Peer Reviewed

Number of Pages

104

Publication Year

2026

Copyright Information

© 2026 Author(s)

Content License

CC BY 4.0

Metadata License

CC0 1.0

Publisher Name

Firenze University Press

DOI

10.36253/979-12-215-0880-2

ISBN Print

979-12-215-0878-9

eISBN (pdf)

979-12-215-0880-2

Series Title

Dialoghi con la società

Series ISSN

2975-0210

Series E-ISSN

2975-0334

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