- Theonyms, Panthea and Syncretisms in Hittite Anatolia and Northern Syria
- A cura di Livio Warbinek, Federico Giusfredi
Between Adoption and Assimilation: The Case of Ištar of Ḫattarina
- Francesco Giuseppe Barsacchi
- © 2023 Author(s) |
- CC BY 4.0
- DOI: 10.36253/979-12-215-0109-4.08
In his investigation of the expansion of the cult of the “deity of the night” in Anatolia and her relationship with Ištar (Studien zu den Boğazköy-Texten 46, 259-439), J. Miller exposed the complexity of a diachronical analysis of the religious phenomenon represented by the diffusion of local “forms” or “aspects” of Ištar during the late Hittite period. However, many relevant issues concerning the role of the goddess in the Hittite dynastic pantheon, heavily influenced by Ḫurrian beliefs, and her presence in local pantheons, are still to be dealt with. As a case study, the present contribution will focus in particular on the goddess Ištar of Ḫattarina, attested together with the “Kanešite gods” Pirwa and Aškašepa in Muwatalli II’s prayer CTH 381. This unusual association may be derived from the interpretation of a local female deity traditionally defined as MUNUS.LUGAL, “queen” in Hittite local pantheons, as a form of Ištar.
- Keywords:
- Hittite cult,
- Hittite religion,
- Ištar,
- Hittite pantheon,
- Local cults,
University of Florence, Italy - ORCID: 0000-0001-6750-1051
- Archi, Alfonso. 2004. “The Singer of Kaneš and his Gods.” In Offizielle Religion, lokale Kulte und individuelle Religiosität. Akten des religionsgeschichtlichen Symposiums Kleinasiens und angrenzende Gebiete vom Beginn des 2. bis zur Mitte des 1. Jahrhunderts v. Chr (Bonn, 20.-22. Februar 2003), eds. Manfred Hutter, and Sylvia Hutter Braunsar, 11-26. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag (AOAT 318).
- Archi, Alfonso. 2010. “The Heptad in Anatolia.” Hethitica 16: 21-34.
- Beckman, Gary. 1998. “Ishtar of Nineveh reconsidered.” Journal of Cuneiform Studies 50: 1-10.
- Beckman, Gary. 2014. The babilili-Ritual from Hattusa (CTH 718). Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns (Mesopotamian civilizations 19).
- Beckman, Gary, Bryce, Trevor, and Eric Cline. 2011. The Ahhiyawa Texts. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.
- Cammarosano, Michele. 2019. “Kultinventare aus Kayalıpınar (Šamuḫa).” In Keilschrifttafeln aus Kayalıpınar l. Textfunde aus den Jahren 1999-2017, ed. Elisabeth Rieken, 47-109. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz (DAAM 1).
- Cammarosano, Michele. 2021. At the Interface of Religion and Administration: The Hittite Cult Inventories. With a contribution by Adam Kryszeń. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz (StBoT 68).
- Corti, Carlo. 2010. “The Religious Traditions of the ‘Zalpa Kingdom’. New Edition of CTH 733 and Related Documents.” In 7 Hit Congr VII. Uluslararası Hititoloji Kongresi Bildirileri, Çorum 25-31 Ağustos 2008 − Acts of the VIIth International Congress of Hittitology, Çorum, August 25-31, 2008, ed. Aygül Süel, 139-56. Ankara: Çorum Valiligi.
- de Martino, Stefano. 2008. “The Hittite City of Šamuḫa: Its Location and Its Religious and Political Role in the Middle Kingdom.” In New Perspectives on the Historical Geography and Topography of Anatolia in the II and I Millennium B.C. (Proceedings of the International Symposium, Udine 15th-16th December 2006), ed. Karl Strobel, 131-43. Firenze: LoGisma (Eothen 16).
- Devecchi, Elena. 2015. Trattati internazionali ittiti. Brescia: Paideia (TVOa 4/4).
- Galmarini, Niccolò. 2013. Uno studio sulla formazione e la tradizione del testo della festa ittita dell’ AN.TAḪ.ŠUMSAR: i casi di CTH 615, 616 e 618. Diss. Sapienza Università di Roma.
- Galmarini, Niccolò. 2015. “The Veneration of Lamma of Taurisa and the Discrepancies between Versions of the AN.TAḪ.ŠUM Festival.” In Sacred Landscapes of Hittites and Luwians: Proceedings of the International Conference in Honour of Franca Pecchioli Daddi, Florence, February 6th-8th 2014, eds. Anacleto D’Agostino, Valentina Orsi, and Giulia Torri, 49-55. Firenze: Firenze University Press (StAs 9).
- Gilan, Amir. 2019. “Religious Convergence in Hittite Anatolia: The Case of Kizzuwatna.” In Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean, eds. Sandra Blakely, and Billie Jean Collins, 173-90. Atlanta, Lockwood Press.
- Goetze, Albrecht. 1953. “The Theophorous Elements of the Anatolian Proper Names from Cappadocia.” Language 29: 263-77.
- Gurney, Oliver. 1977. Some Aspects of Hittite Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Güterbock, Hans G. 1961. “The god Šuwaliyat reconsidered.” Revue hittite et asianique 19/68: 1-18.
- Güterbock, Hans G. 1964. “Religion und Kultus der Hethiter.” In Neuere Hethiterforschung, ed. Gerold Walser, 54-73. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner.
- Haas, Volkert. 1994. Geschichte der Hethitischen Religion. Leiden–New York–Köln: Brill (HdO I/15).
- Hirsch, Hans. 1961. Untersuchungen zur altassyrischen Religion. Graz: Selbstverlag des Herausgebers (Archiv für Orientforschung Beiheft 13/14).
- Laroche, Emmanuel. 1945/46. “Hittite -nš-/-nz-.” Revue hittite et asianique 7/45: 3-11.
- Laroche, Emmanuel. 1947. “Ḫattic Deities and Their Epithets.” Journal of Cuneiform Studies 1: 187-216.
- Miller, Jared L. 2004. Studies in the Origins, Development and Interpretation of the Kizzuwatna Rituals. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz (StBoT 46).
- Miller, Jared L. 2008. “Setting Up the Goddess of the Night Separately.” In Anatolian Interfaces – Hittites, Greeks and Their Neighbours, eds. Billie Jean Collins, Mary R. Bachvarova, and Ian Rutherford, 67-72. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
- Mouton, Alice. 2014. “Terre divinisée et autres ‘génies’ de l’Anatolie Hittite.” Semitica et Classica 7: 19-29. DOI: 10.1484/J.SEC.5.103514
- Müller-Karpe, Andreas. 2013. “Einige archäologische sowie archäoastronomische Aspekte hethitischer Sakralbauten.” In Tempel im Alten Orient., 7. Internationales Colloquium der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 11.–13. Oktober 2009, München, eds. Kai Kaniuth, Anne Löhnert, Jared L. Miller, Adelheid Otto, Michael Roaf, and Walther Sallaberger, 335-84. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
- Müller-Karpe, Andreas. 2015. “Planning a Sacred Landscape.Examples from Sarissa and Ḫattusa.” In Sacred Landscapes of Hittites and Luwians: Proceedings of the International Conference in Honour of Franca Pecchioli Daddi, Florence, February 6th-8th 2014, eds. Anacleto D’Agostino, Valentina Orsi, and Giulia Torri, 83-92. Firenze: Firenze University Press (StAs 9).
- Neu, Erich. 1980. Althethitische Ritualtexte im Umschrift. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz (StBoT 25).
- Otten, Heinrich. 1953. “Pirva, der Gott auf dem Pferde.” Jahrbuch für kleinasiatische Forschung 2: 62-73.
- Otten, Heinrich, and Souček, Vladimir. 1969. Ein althethitisches Ritual für das Königspaar. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz (StBoT 8).
- Schwemer, Daniel. 2006. “Das hethitische Reichspantheon. Überlegungen zu Struktur und Genese.” In Götterbilder, Gottesbilder, Weltbilder. Polytheismus und Monotheismus in der Welt der Antike, eds. Reinhard G. Kratz, and Hermann Spieckmann, 241-65. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck (Forschungen zum Alten Testament 2, Reihe 17/18).
- Schwemer, Daniel. 2008. “Fremde Götter in Ḫatti. Die hethitische Religion im Spannungsfeld von Synkretismus und Abgrenzung.” In Ḫattuša – Boğazköy - Das Hethiterreich im Spannungsfeld des Alten Orients. 6. Internationales Colloquium der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 22.-24. März 2006, Würzburg, ed. Gernot Wilhelm, 137-58. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz (CDOG 6).
- Singer, Itamar. 1996. Muwatalli’s Prayer to the Assembly of Gods through the Storm-God of Lightning (CTH 381). Atlanta: Scholars Press.
- Taracha, Piotr. 2005. “Zur Entwicklung des offiziellen Pantheons im staats- und dynastischen Kult der hethitischen Grossreichzeit.” Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 5: 89-106.
- Taracha, Piotr. 2017. Two Festivals Celebrated by a Hittite Prince (CTH 647.I and II-III). New Light on Local Cults in North-Central Anatolia in the Second Millennium BC. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz (StBoT 61).
- Ünal, Ahmed. 2019. “New Insights into the Nature and Iconography of the Hittite Horse Deity Pirwa.” In ‘And I Knew Twelve Languages’. A Tribute to Massimo Poetto on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday, eds. Natalia Bolatti Guzzo, and Piotr Taracha, 690-702. Warsaw: Agade.
- van Gessel, Ben H.L. 1998. Onomasticon of the Hittite Pantheon 1-2. Leiden–New York–Köln: Brill (HdO I/33).
- Warbinek, Livio. 2022. “The -šepa Theonyms in the Hittite Pantheon.” Vicino Oriente 26: 1-19. DOI: 10.53131/VO2724-587X2022_1
- Wegner, Ilse. 1981. Gestalt und Kult der Ištar-Šawuška in Kleinasien. Kevelaer - Neukirchen-Vluyn: Butzon & Bercker, Neukirchener Verlag (AOAT 36, Hurritologische Studien 3).
- Wegner, Ilse. 2002. Hurritische Opferlisten aus hethitischen Festbeschreibungen. Teil II: Texte für Teššub, Ḫebat und weitere Gottheiten. Roma: CNR – Istituto di Studi sulle Civiltà dell’Egeo e del Vicino Oriente (ChS I/3-2).
- Wilhelm, Gernot. 2002. “Die Keilschritfunde der Kampagne 2001 in Kuşaklı” Mitteilungen der deutschen Orient Gesellschaft 134: 342-51.
- Wilhelm, Gernot. 2010. “Die Lesung des Namens der Göttin IŠTAR-li.” In Investigationes Anatolicae – Gedenkschrift für Erich Neu, eds. Jörg Klinger, Elisabeth Rieken, and Christel Rüster, 337-44. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz (StBoT 52).
Informazioni sul capitolo
Titolo del capitolo
Between Adoption and Assimilation: The Case of Ištar of Ḫattarina
Autori
Francesco Giuseppe Barsacchi
Lingua
English
DOI
10.36253/979-12-215-0109-4.08
Opera sottoposta a peer review
Anno di pubblicazione
2023
Copyright
© 2023 Author(s)
Licenza d'uso
Licenza dei metadati
Informazioni bibliografiche
Titolo del libro
Theonyms, Panthea and Syncretisms in Hittite Anatolia and Northern Syria
Sottotitolo del libro
Proceedings of the TeAI Workshop Held in Verona, March 25-26, 2022
Curatori
Livio Warbinek, Federico Giusfredi
Opera sottoposta a peer review
Numero di pagine
194
Anno di pubblicazione
2023
Copyright
© 2023 Author(s)
Licenza d'uso
Licenza dei metadati
Editore
Firenze University Press
DOI
10.36253/979-12-215-0109-4
ISBN Print
979-12-215-0108-7
eISBN (pdf)
979-12-215-0109-4
Collana
Studia Asiana
ISSN della collana
1974-7837
e-ISSN della collana
2612-808X